Fig. 1. Locations from where the glacial Flavobacterium strains were isolated and a phylogenetic analysis of their genus-level relationships.

a A map showing the four glaciers where the psychrophilic Flavobacterium strains were isolated from, with additional geographical information for each glacier. b A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA genes constructed using PHYLIP and with node support evaluated by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Branch lines and strain numbers colored in orange and blue indicate the strains isolated from the southern and northern glaciers, respectively, while those in black are reference taxa. Inside the parenthesis are the 16S rRNA gene accession numbers of the reference strains, while those of the glacial strains are provided in Supplementary Table 1.