Table 2.

The sensitivity and specificity for DR grading by primary healthcare workers with or without the help of lesion detection and segmentation.

DR levels	Sensitivity			Specificity
	Unaided	Aided	P	Unaided	Aided	P
Non-DR	0.586 (0.560–0.612)	0.683 (0.679–0.686)	<0.001	0.924 (0.897–0.950)	0.948 (0.937–0.959)	0.504
Mild NPDR	0.589 (0.565–0.613)	0.684 (0.680–0.688)	0.001	0.893 (0.868–0.918)	0.907 (0.896–0.918)	0.362
Moderate NPDR	0.583 (0.554–0.613)	0.680 (0.674–0.687)	0.001	0.914 (0.893–0.936)	0.922 (0.908–0.936)	0.589
Severe NPDR	0.827 (0.822–0.833)	0.843 (0.842–0.844)	0.004	0.873 (0.852–0.894)	0.935 (0.924–0.945)	0.004
PDR	0.827 (0.823–0.831)	0.843 (0.842–0.844)	<0.001	0.903 (0.882–0.924)	0.922 (0.908–0.935)	0.191

The sensitivity and specificity were tested using one-sided, two-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test.

DR diabetic retinopathy, NPDR non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, PDR proliferative diabetic retinopathy.