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. 2021 May 28;12:3031. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23155-3

Fig. 4. Characterization for the redox process in the cell.

Fig. 4

a FTIR spectra of raw material BTT and sulfur cathode with 20 μL of 0.15 M BTT electrolyte. b Raman spectra of raw material BTT, elemental S, and the recharged products of the Li-S batteries with and without BTT. c TEM image of recharged cathode for Li–S cell with BTT electrolyte (inset image is the blank carbon paper). d, e XIC of the recharged products for BTT cell, (inset: the corresponding MS and structure). f XPS data for the recharged cathode after 5 cycles at 0.05C rate for the BTT cell. g XIC of the discharged product for BTT cell (inset: the corresponding MS and structure). h XPS spectrum of the discharged cathode after 5 cycles for BTT cell. i UV–vis absorption spectra of the solutions acquired by the Li–S cells with BTT and blank electrolyte discharge to 2.1 V. j First discharge curves for Li–S visible cells with BTT and blank electrolyte. k Photographs for the two types of cells in j at different discharge voltages.