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. 2021 May 28;12:3105. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23460-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Colonic lamina propria effector CD4 + T cells, including Th1 and Th17 cells that produce IFNγ and/or IL-17α. The mRNA expression levels of b inflammatory cytokines and c functions important for mucosal homeostasis in the distal colon. Expression levels were determined by RT-Q-PCR and presented as fold change (FC) of expression after therapeutic application of GUT-108 compared to expression after PBS treatment. Hu + GUT-108 refers to humanized Il10^−/− mice treated with GUT-108 2 weeks after fecal colonization; Hu+PBS refers to humanized Il10^−/− mice that received PBS as a placebo control. AhR aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene, AhrR aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor gene, Cyp1A1 Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1gene, DefCR1 and DefA genes defensins, Aldh1A1 and Aldh1A2 genes aldehyde dehydrogenases. Bar indicates Mean ± SE. Two-way ANOVA and adjusted P-value were calculated by the multiple comparisons test. *: adjusted P < 0.05. N = 11/group. Source data and calculated P-values are provided as a Source Data file.