Table 2.
Personality and emotions outcomes in patients with alopecia areata
| AA study population | N | COA tool | Score (mean ± SD)a | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults, age 18–65 years: 96% with < 25% hair loss; no AT/AU; 66% were men | 73 | TCI | Novelty seekingb 18.6 ± 3.4; Harm avoidance 17.7 ± 4.8 | Annagur et al. 2013 [10] |
| Reward dependenceb 13.6 ± 3.0; Persistence 4.9 ± 1.5 | ||||
| Self-directedness 27.5 ± 5.6; Cooperativeness 27.4 ± 5.0 | ||||
| Self-transcendenceb 17.3 ± 4.4 | ||||
| SCL-90-R GSI | 0.8 ± 0.5c | |||
| Adults, age 18–60 years: first onset AA; 67% were men | 42 | TCI | Novelty seeking 18.9 ± 5.0; Harm avoidance 16.8 ± 6.7 | Erfan et al. 2014 [16] |
| Reward dependence 13.8 ± 3.1; Persistence 4.8 ± 2.0 | ||||
| Self-directedness 28.0 ± 7.2; Cooperativeness 29.0 ± 6.3 | ||||
| Self-transcendence 18.7 ± 5.8 | ||||
| (Scores did not differ significantly from controls) | ||||
| Age > 12 years: 38% with ≤ 50% hair loss; 62% with > 50% hair loss; 67% were women | 24 | TCI-125 Persian version | Novelty seeking 7.6 ± 3.0; Harm avoidanced 12.0 ± 3.6 | Talaei et al. 2017 [35] |
| Reward dependenced 9.8 ± 1.9; Persistence 2.3 ± 2.0 | ||||
| Self-directedness 13.0 ± 6.6; Cooperativeness 18.9 ± 3.9 | ||||
| Self-transcendence 7.5 ± 2.5 | ||||
| SCL-90-R GSI | 0.7 ± 0.6e | |||
| Adults, age > 18 years: 12% with AT/AU; 50% were women | 168 | SCL-90-R GSI | 1.4 ± 0.4c | Tan et al. 2015 [36] |
| Adults, age 18–70 years: 33% with patchy AA, 14% ophiasis, 29% AT, 24% AU; 76% were women | 21 | SCL-90 Total | 145 ± 40 | Willemsen et al. 2011 [39] |
| Age, gender, severity not reported | 30 | MBSRQ | Appearance orientation 3.7 ± 0.6 | Kuty-Pachecka and Stefanksa 2014 [21] |
| Body area satisfaction 3.1 ± 0.8 (Controls: 3.4 ± 0.7 and 3.4 ± 0.6). Suggests patients with AA pay more attention to appearance and are less satisfied with appearance than controls | ||||
| Adults, age 19–68 years: 21% with AT/AU; 69% were women | 42 | EQ-i | Total scoreb 96.1 ± 16.6 (Controls 100.7 ± 4.7). Suggests patients wiith AA have difficulty managing emotions and stress | Monselise et al. 2013 [24] |
| Adults, age > 18 years: 59% women; severity not reported | 130 | BIPQ | Overall score 40.2 ± 9.1 | Yu et al. 2016 [41] |
| Highest scores: Concern: 8.4 ± 2.2; Consequences: 5.7 ± 2.9; Emotional response 5.7 ± 2.9 | ||||
| Lowest scores: Identity 3.1 ± 2.4; Treatment control 3.4 ± 2.6 |
AT alopecia totalis, AU alopecia universalis, BIPQ Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, COA clinical outcome assessment, EQ-i Emotional Quotient Inventory, GSI Global Severity Index, MBSRQ Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, SCL-90 Symptom Checklist 90, TCI Temperament and Character Inventory
aScoring for each tool: TCI: 240 true/false questions. TCI assesses four dimensions of temperament: harm avoidance, novelty seeking (i.e. engaging in frequent exploratory behavior), reward dependence (i.e. having a strong response to conditioned reward signals) and persistence; and three dimensions of character: self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence (i.e. thinking of oneself as an integral part of the universe) [51]; TCI-125 Persian version: 125 true/false questions [59]; SCL-90-R GSI: SCL-90-R has 90 questions and has nine subscales: somatization, obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism [35]. The GSI is calculated from it; a score > 1 suggests severe symptoms of distress [53]; SCL-90 Total: 90 questions on intensity of symptoms, answered on a 5-point scale, 0 (none) to 4 (extremely) [10]; MBSRQ: 69 items; 5-point response from 1 (definitely disagree) to 5 (definitely agree) [60]; EQ-i: 133 items; 5-point response from 1 (very seldom or not true of me) to 5 (very often true of me or true of me). Scores are standardized based on a mean ± SD of 100 ± 15; BIPQ: measures illness perception, specifically consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control, identity, concern, coherence, emotional response. Each is measured on an 11-point Likert scale. Higher score indicates a more negative perception of the illness
bScores were significantly lower than controls
cScore was significantly higher than controls
dLarge effect size vs. controls (Cohen’s d)
eScore did not differ significantly from controls