Table 2.
Various copper-containing scaffolds.
| Base Materials | Copper Formats | Properties | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mesoporous bioactive glass | copper ions | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, antibacterial, drug loading | [23] |
| Bioactive glass nanoparticles (Nbg) and alginate | copper ions | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, cross-linking, promote the production of BMSCs, sustained release | [128] |
| Boron-containing bioactive glass-based scaffolds coated with alginate | copper ions | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis | [25] |
| Chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds | copper ions | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, sustained release | [82] |
| Electrospun Bioactive Glass Nanofibers | copper ions | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, antibacterial | [129] |
| mesoporous bioactive glass and nanofibrillated cellulose | copper ions | Angiogenesis | [130] |
| Borosilicate glasses | copper ions | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, sustained release, structural stability | [20] |
| Alginate | copper ions | Angiogenesis, auxiliary cross-linking | [55] |
| Quercetin | copper ions | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis | [131] |
| Calcium phosphate | copper ions | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, antibacterial | [132] |
| Bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds | CuFeSe2 | Osteogenesis, photothermal effect, anti-cancer | [40] |
| CaP scaffold with graphene oxide | Copper Nanocomposite | Angiogenesis, osteogenesis | [29] |
| Ti–Cu sintered alloy | Ti–Cu sintered alloy | Antibacterial | [41] |
| Calcium polyphosphate scaffolds | copper carbonate | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, improvement of mechanical strength | [26] |
| Alginate hydrogels | CuSO4 | Chondrogenesis, antibacterial | [56] |
| Cylindrical collagen-based scaffold. | CuSO4 | Angiogenesis | [133] |
| Bio-composite scaffolds | Cu–Zn alloy nanoparticles | Osteogenesis, antibacterial, porosity | [70] |
| Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Alginate Scaffolds | Cu Nanoparticles | Osteogenesis, antibacterial, angiogenesis, auxiliary cross-linking | [30] |
| PDLLA scaffolds with Cu- and Zn-doped bioactive glasses | CuO | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, antibacterial | [134] |
| Copper-bearing stainless steel | Cu-SS alloy | Osteogenesis, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory | [80] |
| Calcium phosphate cement | Cu-TCP powders | Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs | [135] |