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. 2021 May 20;6(12):4697–4706. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.038

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

pOCs preserved by CNS induce osteogenesis and angiogenesis via FAK pathway. (a) MSCs were cultured alone or co-cultured with BMMs in osteogenic media with Alendronate (Ald) or CNS treatment. ALP stain was performed on day 7. Bar represents 200 μm. (b) Quantification of ALP activity of MSCs. Relative mRNA expression levels of Runx2 and Alp. (c) ELISA for serum or bone marrow (BM) PDGF-BB and VEGF concentrations. (d) Western blot analysis of PDGF-BB levels in BMMs in different culture conditions. (e) Matrigel tube formation assay images and quantitative analysis of cumulative tube length of EPC co-cultured with BMMs treated with Ald or CNS. Bar represents 150 μm. (f) Western blot analysis of the phosphorylation of PDGFRβ, PI3K, Akt and FAK in MSCs and EPCs co-cultured with BMMs treated with Ald or CNS for 5–60 min. Images are representative of n = 3 independent experiments. The data in the figures represent the averages ± SD. Significant differences are indicated as ** (p < 0.01).