Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Characteristics | CKD (+) (n = 402) | CKD (−) (n = 121) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 80 ± 9 | 73 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 198 (49) | 62 (51) | 0.756 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22 ± 4.1 | 23 ± 5.0 | 0.312 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116 ± 17 | 112 ± 14 | 0.037 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 61 ± 11 | 63 ± 11 | 0.067 |
| HR (bpm) | 82 ± 27 | 92 ± 30 | <0.001 |
| Past HF, n (%) | 170 (44) | 21 (18) | <0.001 |
| AF, n (%) | 256 (64) | 66 (56) | 0.080 |
| OMI, n (%) | 55 (14) | 10 (8.5) | 0.155 |
| HT, n (%) | 325 (81) | 81 (67) | 0.001 |
| DLp, n (%) | 175 (44) | 47 (39) | 0.328 |
| DM, n (%) | 168 (42) | 34 (28) | 0.006 |
| CVD, n (%) | 108 (28) | 13 (11) | <0.001 |
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.032 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 11.2 ± 1.8 | 12.5 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 37 ± 14 | 73 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Median BNP (pg/mL) (IQR) | 171 (86–327) | 102 (53–187) | 0.017 |
| β blockers, n (%) | 263 (65) | 75 (62) | 0.488 |
| ACE-Is, n (%) | 129 (32) | 32 (26) | 0.238 |
| ARBs, n (%) | 178 (44) | 44 (36) | 0.123 |
| Ca blockers, n (%) | 225 (56) | 51 (42) | 0.008 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 314 (78) | 73 (60) | <0.001 |
| Warfarin, n (%) | 196 (49) | 53 (44) | 0.339 |
| DOACs, n (%) | 53 (13) | 16 (13) | 0.999 |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; Past HF, past hospitalization for heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation; OMI, old myocardial infarction; HT, hypertension; DLp, dyslipidemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; Alb, albumin; Hb, hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; IQR, interquartile range; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant.