Table 2.

Priority actions, their drivers and the multiple pathways they can support, with one example of a specific action to implement the key action, including timeframe, who will undertake the action and who will benefit

Key Actions	Driver	Pathways	Specific actions	Time frame to start action	Who will do activity?	Who will benefit?
Diversification of production and consumption	Ecosystem change Influence of corporations Output and efficiency Consumer demand Nutrition focus	1. Improve seafood access, availability & utilisation 3. Reduce impacts from production & consumption	Collaborative investment to increase diversity of mariculture species	Short-term	Seafood industry, government	Consumers, industry, society
Policies to support domestic seafood sector	Regulation of oceans	1. Improve seafood access, availability& utilisation 2. Sustainable management 4. Collaboration & cooperation 5. Reduced inequality	Policies/governance frameworks identifying sustainable pathways for supporting domestic fisheries and value chains supplying local markets	Immediate	Government, private sector	Domestic seafood industry, consumers
Implementation of ecosystem-based management (EBM)	Ecosystem change Regulation of oceans	2. Sustainable management 3. Reduce impacts from production & consumption 4. Collaboration & cooperation	Operationalise EBM and trade-off tools at national and regional scales	Immediate	Industry, government, research community	Industry, consumers, environment
Supply chain transparency	Influence of corporations Consumer demand	2. Sustainable management 3 Reduce impacts from production & consumption 4. Collaboration & cooperation	Wide implementation of regulations and technology to ensure supply chain transparency	Short—medium	Private sector, NGOs, Joint seafood industry/government initiatives	Consumers, governments (through reduced enforcement requirements), environment
Cross-sectoral spatial planning	Ecosystem change Regulation of oceans	2. Sustainable management 4. Collaboration & cooperation 5. Reduced inequality	Implementation of MSP frameworks with strategic planning across sectors	Immediate	Managers, supported by research community and Indigenous leaders	Environment, seafood industry, community (including Indigenous groups)
Co-management of marine resources	Regulation of oceans	2. Sustainable management Collaboration & cooperation 5. Reduced inequality	Build relationships between resource-user groups and government agency or NGOs to share management responsibilities and authority	Immediate	Government, NGOs, fishers	Environment, fishers, community
Inclusion of small scale and non-market values	Influence of corporations	4. Collaboration & cooperation 5. Reduced inequality	Establish agreements between small and large enterprise to share information, provide enterprise opportunities and ensure access rights	Medium	Private sector	Small-enterprise, community
Knowledge co-production	Ecosystem change Output and efficiency	4. Collaboration & cooperation 5. Reduced inequality	Targeted engagement with managers, fishers and coastal communities around strategies for responding to change	Immediate	Government and seafood industry, academia, Indigenous communities	local communities (including Indigenous) and seafood industry

More detailed information on all actions identified is available in Table S3 and Figure S1