Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variables | Non-COVID-19 (n = 668) | COVID-19 (n = 65) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.0 ± 12.3 | 66.8 ± 12.0 | < 0.001 |
| Symptoms at admission n (%) | 0.004 | ||
| Chest pain | 459 (69) | 36 (55) | |
| Dyspnea | 153 (23) | 15 (23) | |
| Arrest | 8 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| Other | 48 (7) | 13 (20) | |
| Female gender (%) | 142 (22) | 21 (32) | 0.055 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 278 (42) | 31 (48) | 0.344 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 193 (29) | 18 (26) | 0.851 |
| Previous AF, n (%) | 36 (5) | 3 (5) | 0.791 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 222 (33) | 22 (34) | 0.920 |
| COPD or asthma, n (%) | 60 (9) | 11 (17) | 0.039 |
| Previous CAD, n (%) | 81 (12) | 12(19) | 0.143 |
| Echocardiographic findings | |||
| LVEF (%) | 47.0 ± 8.8 | 43.7 ± 8.8 | 0.004 |
| LVWM abnormalities n (%) | 441 (68) | 51 (82) | 0.041 |
| Valve disease n (%) | 53 (8) | 13 (20) | 0.010 |
| Coronary intervention n (%) | 667 (100) | 62 (95) | < 0.001 |
| Infarct related artery n (%) | 0.418 | ||
| LMCA | 16 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| LAD | 282 (42) | 25 (40) | |
| CX | 119 (18) | 15(24) | |
| RCA | 208 (31) | 4 (23) | |
| Other | 37 (6) | 6 (10) | |
| Noncritical CAD | 5 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| Multi-vessel disease n (%) | 267 (40) | 27 (44) | 0.589 |
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors n (%) | 139 (21) | 22 (34) | 0.015 |
| Thrombus aspiration device n (%) | 47 (7) | 9 (14) | 0.048 |
| IABP n (%) | 10 (2) | 2 (3) | 0.338 |
| Baseline TIMI flow n (%) | |||
| TIMI flow 0–1 | 594 (89) | 58 (94) | 0.271 |
| Baseline thrombus grade > 3 | 440 (66) | 59 (95) | < 0.001 |
| Modified thrombus grade > 3 | 260 (39) | 36 (58) | 0.003 |
| Post-PCI TIMI 3 flow n (%) | 544 (82) | 50 (81) | 0.859 |
| Multi-vessel PCIduring the index prodecure n (%) | 66 (10) | 5 (8) | 0.569 |
| Complete revascularization during the index hospitalization n (%) | 109 (16) | 18 (29) | 0.021 |
| Previous medication | |||
| ACE-I/ARB, n (%) | 186 (28) | 19 (29) | 0.812 |
| Statin n (%) | 100 (15) | 14 (22) | 0.163 |
| Aspirin n (%) | 185 (28) | 23 (35) | 0.189 |
| P2Y12Y inhibitors | 0.220 | ||
| Clopidogrel n (%) | 122 (66) | 11 (48) | |
| Tigacrelor n (%) | 56 (30) | 11 (48) | |
| Prasuqrel n (%) | 7 (4) | 1 (4) | |
| In hospital or discharge ASA + P2Y12Y inhibitors | 0.664 | ||
| ASA plus Clopidogrel n (%) | 465 (70) | 37 (64) | |
| ASA plus Tigacrelor n (%) | 134 (20) | 14 (24) | |
| ASA plus Prasuqrel n (%) | 68 (10) | 7 (12) | |
| Pharmaco-invazive treatment n (%) | 3 (1) | 1 (2) | 0.255 |
| Patients treated with medical treatment n (%) | 3 (0) | 4 (6) | < 0.001 |
| Symptom-to-FMC, minutes (median [IQR]) | 120 (75–240) | 120 (78–240) | 0.842 |
| Symptom-to- (FMC) time | 0.606 | ||
| Less than 2 h, n (%) | 289 (43) | 27 (42) | |
| 2 to 6 h, n (%) | 255 (38) | 30 (46) | |
| 6 to 12 h, n (%) | 64 (10) | 3 (5) | |
| 12 to 24 h, n (%) | 24 (4) | 2 (3) | |
| More than 24 h, n (%) | 36 (5) | 3 (5) | |
| In-hospital outcomes | |||
| Minor bleeding n (%) | 14 (2) | 2 (3) | 0.591 |
| Major bleeding n (%) | 3 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.591 |
| Stent thrombosis n (%) | 8 (1) | 4 (6) | 0.002 |
| Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 49 (7) | 13 (20) | < 0.001 |
| Mortality, n (%) | 43 (6) | 18 (28) | < 0.001 |
ACE-I/ARB angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker, AF atrial fibrillation, CAD coronary artery disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FMC first medical contact, IABP intra aortic balon pump, IQR inter quartile range, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVWM left ventricular wall motion abnormalities, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, STEMI ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction