Table 2. Trends in Life Evaluation by Family Incarceration Experience.
| Family incarceration experience | Thriving, % (95% CI)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Physical health | Mental health | Social well-being | Spiritual well-being | |
| Overall (N = 2815) | 63.3 (60.8-65.7) | 41.7 (39.1-44.2) | 57.4 (54.8-59.9) | 34.2 (31.7-36.7) | 63.4 (61.0-65.9) |
| No family incarceration (n = 667) | 69.5 (65.0-75.0) | 51.1 (46.2-56.0) | 65.3 (60.6-70.0) | 41.0 (36.1-45.9) | 68.2 (63.6-72.7) |
| Any immediate family (n = 1806) | 56.9 (53.9-59.9) | 35.5 (32.6-38.3) | 51.6 (48.7-54.6) | 29.2 (26.5-31.8) | 60.2 (57.3-63.1) |
| P valueb | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.005 |
| 1 member | 60.2 (55.9-64.5) | 40.2 (36.0-44.4) | 54.5 (50.2-58.8) | 34.0 (30.0-38.1) | 63.6 (59.3-67.8) |
| 2-3 members | 57.3 (52.4-62.3) | 35.3 (30.5-40.1) | 51.2 (46.2-56.2) | 27.0 (22.6-31.4) | 59.3 (54.1-68.7) |
| >3 members | 47.7 (40.6-54.8) | 23.6 (17.4-29.8) | 45.1 (38.0-52.2) | 20.7 (14.9-26.5) | 53.4 (46.2-60.6) |
| P value for trend | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.05 |
| Any extended family (n = 965) | 57.7 (53.5-62.0) | 34.2 (30.2-38.2) | 54.5 (50.2-58.7) | 27.0 (23.2-30.8) | 59.5 (55.3-63.6) |
| P valueb | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.01 |
| 1 member | 67.9 (59.8-76.0) | 40.7 (32.0-49.4) | 64.4 (56.2-72.6) | 36.1 (27.6-44.5) | 68.8 (60.2-77.4) |
| 2-3 members | 61.3 (53.6-69.0) | 37.9 (30.6-45.3) | 57.0 (49.3-64.7) | 28.8 (21.6-36.0) | 61.4 (54.1-68.7) |
| >3 members | 49.3 (43.0-55.6) | 27.8 (22.4-33.2) | 47.2 (41.0-53.4) | 20.7 (15.8-25.6) | 52.9 (46.7-59.2) |
| P value for trend | .006 | .06 | .006 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Both extended and immediate family (n = 782) | 53.8 (49.2-58.3) | 32.5 (28.3-36.6) | 49.8 (45.3-54.3) | 24.2 (20.4-28.0) | 55.3 (50.8-59.8) |
a
Proportions are weighted to be nationally representative of the US household population. Number and percentage missing by well-being variable: life evaluation, 60 respondents (2.1%); physical health, 4 respondents (0.1%); mental health, 7 respondents (0.3%); social well-being, 31 respondents (1.1%); spiritual well-being, 12 respondents (0.4%). Number and percentage of missing by family incarceration variable: any family incarceration, 159 respondents (5.7%); any immediate family incarceration, 7 respondents (0.3%); any extended family incarceration, 498 respondents (17.6%).
b
P value for χ2 comparison against those with no family incarceration.