Table 3. Adjusted Associations Between Family Incarceration Experience and Life Evaluation.
| Modela | Family incarceration experience, OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| None | Any | |
| Immediate family incarceration | ||
| Thriving, No. | 654 | 1004 |
| Not Thriving, No. | 318 | 773 |
| Model 1A | 1 [Reference] | 0.62 (0.52-0.71) |
| Model 2A | 1 [Reference] | 0.70 (0.59-0.83) |
| Model 3A | 1 [Reference] | 0.69 (0.58-0.81) |
| Model 4A | 1 [Reference] | 0.69 (0.58-0.82) |
| Model 5A | 1 [Reference] | 0.72 (0.58-0.89) |
| Extended family incarceration | ||
| Thriving, No. | 843 | 528 |
| Not Thriving, No. | 467 | 427 |
| Model 1B | 1 [Reference] | 0.61 (0.52-0.71) |
| Model 2B | 1 [Reference] | 0.71 (0.59-0.86) |
| Model 3B | 1 [Reference] | 0.75 (0.62-0.91) |
| Model 4B | 1 [Reference] | 0.75 (0.62-0.92) |
| Model 5B | 1 [Reference] | 0.84 (0.68-1.03) |
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.
Model 1A is the unadjusted association of immediate family incarceration with life evaluation. Model 2A adjusted for model 1A plus age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education level. Model 3A adjusted for model 2A plus household income, home type, employment status, marital status, and family size. Model 4A adjusted for model 3A plus history of addiction. Model 5A adjusted for model 4A plus own incarceration history and extended family incarceration. Model 1B is the unadjusted association of extended family incarceration with life evaluation. Model 2B adjusted for model 1B plus age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education level. Model 3B adjusted for model 2B plus household income, home type, employment status, marital status, family size. Model 4B adjusted for model 3B plus history of addiction. Model 5B adjusted for model 4B plus own incarceration history and immediate family incarceration. Sample sizes are unweighted. Regressions are weighted to be nationally representative of the US household population, and use the Karlson-Holm-Breen method to allow for model comparisons. Owing to missingness in the data for immediate family incarceration, extended family incarceration, and life evaluation, cell counts do not sum to 2815.