Table 1. Sociodemographic and Trauma-Related Characteristics of the Study Participantsa.
| Sociodemographic characteristic | Baseline (n = 116) | Follow-up (n = 96) |
|---|---|---|
| Marital status | ||
| Married or partnership | 68 (58.6) | 62 (64.5) |
| Single | 32 (27.6) | 18 (18.8) |
| Widowed | 15 (12.9) | 15 (15.6) |
| Divorced | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.0) |
| Residence of spouse if married | ||
| In Germany with respondent | 11 (16.2) | 11 (17.7) |
| In Germany without respondent | 6 (8.8) | 8 (12.9) |
| In Iraq | 24 (35.3) | 18 (29.0) |
| Other country | 3 (4.4) | 0 |
| Missing or unknown | 24 (35.3) | 25 (40.3) |
| Highest educational level | ||
| None | 33 (28.4) | 27 (28.1) |
| Incomplete primary | 16 (13.8) | 19 (19.8) |
| Finished primary | 50 (43.1) | 39 (40.6) |
| Intermediate | 13 (11.2) | 10 (10.4) |
| High school | 4 (3.4) | 1 (1.0) |
| Education and profession | ||
| Literacy | 73 (62.9) | 68 (70.8) |
| Current school enrollment | 96 (82.8) | 60 (62.5) |
| Currently employed | 2 (1.7) | 7 (7.4) |
| Seeking employment | 23 (19.8) | 24 (27.0) |
| Time since arrival in Germany, mean (SD) [range], d | 727.90 (90.07) [539-934] | 1091.13 (81.00) [911-1283] |
| Time spent in captivity, mean (SD) [range], d | 202.68 (127.10) [0-720] | NA |
| IES-R scores, mean (SD) [range] | ||
| IES-R raw sum score | 60.88 (15.75) [14-87] | 59.98 (14.55) [24-87] |
| IES-R subscale sum score | 8.28 (2.16) [1.83-11.88] | 8.16 (2.03) [3-11.88] |
| Intrusion subscale scoreb | 2.93 (0.93) [0.25-4] | 2.92 (0.96) [0.25-4] |
| Hyperarousal subscale scoreb | 2.70 (0.91) [0-4] | 2.64 (1.03) [0-4] |
| Avoidance subscale scoreb | 2.66 (0.86) [0.13-4] | 2.61 (0.89) [0.25-4] |
| Change in faith attributable to the traumatic event, mean (SD) [range]c | 2.96 (1.21) [0-4] | 2.63 (1.19) [0-4] |
| Change in social relationships in the past year, mean (SD) [range]d | NA | 2.57 (1.29) [0-4] |
Abbreviations: IES-R, Impact of Event Scale–Revised; NA, not applicable.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of participants unless otherwise indicated.
b
The IES-R subscale scores are associated with symptom severity because the score structure represents the items’ Likert scale (with 0 indicating not at all and 4 indicating extremely).47
c
Items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4), with 0 indicating weakened and 4 indicating strengthened.
d
Items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4), with 0 indicating worse and 4 indicating better.