Table 3.
Subgroup analysis and hazard ratio (95% CI) of non-accidental mortality associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5.
| No. of Death | Person-year | HR (95% CI)a | Pdifference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 3,732 | 378,663 | 1.10 (1.06–1.14) | 0.87 |
| Female | 2,663 | 523,963 | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | |
| Age, yrs | ||||
| <60 | 2,597 | 706,924 | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) | 0.28 |
| ≥60 | 3,797 | 195,639 | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | |
| Urbanicity | ||||
| Rural | 5,486 | 736,094 | 1.12 (1.09–1.16) | 0.97 |
| Urban | 909 | 166,531 | 1.12 (0.93–1.34) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| <25 | 4,705 | 622,081 | 1.10 (1.06–1.13) | 0.51 |
| ≥25 | 1,682 | 280,063 | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 3,728 | 632,577 | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) | 0.16 |
| Smoker | 2,639 | 266,374 | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | |
| Drinking | ||||
| Excess | 581 | 71,242 | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | 0.962 |
| Moderate | 378 | 63,864 | 1.20 (1.07–1.36) | 0.275 |
| None | 4,835 | 712,641 | 1.11 (1.07–1.14) | |
| BP subgroups | ||||
| Stage2 HTN | 1,912 | 142,928 | 1.21 (1.15–1.27) | <0.001 |
| Stage1 HTN | 1,098 | 119,115 | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | 0.045 |
| Prehypertension | 1,817 | 297,716 | 1.11 (1.04–1.17) | 0.055 |
| Normal | 1,566 | 342,562 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 643 | 41,972 | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) | 0.76 |
| No | 5,295 | 805,092 | 1.11 (1.07–1.14) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HTN, hypertension; HR, hazard ratio.
a
The HRs (95% CIs) were the results after adjustment of age, sex, education, urbanicity (urban vs. rural), BMI, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, smoking, drinking, and working-related physical activity at baseline.