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. 2021 May 29;12:303. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02315-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Geometric characterization of NGG-PCL 3D-printed membranes. a Height and length path of the first and second layers during 3D printing. b PCL membranes: lateral view showing two layers (T) and diameter (d) of the filaments with 396 ± 74 μm. c PCL membrane dorsal view showing the pores with 312 ± 58 μm of length and 300 ± 51 μm of height. d 3D-printed PCL membrane macroscopic view. e Internal face of PCL membrane (scale bar: 2.0 mm). f Scanning microscopy electronic images of 3D-printed PCL membranes with different pores, filament lengths, and deposition of two layers (scale bar: 500 μm). g NGC cross sectional view after assembly (scale bar: 2.0 mm). h NGC external surface view (scale bar 2.0 mm). i Measures of geometric parameters from PCL membranes (n = 5). Values are represented as mean ± SEM