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. 2021 May 29;21:283. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-01896-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — Validation of the TME regulating, Oncogenic promoting and immune checkpoint associating role of CALD1 in the GEO cohort. a Kaplan-Meier curve validated the difference of OS between high and low CALD1 expression BLCA Patients in the GEO cohort, with a P-value < 0.001. The AUC value of the ROC curve for CALD1 prediction of tumor progression in the GEO cohort was 0.730. A significantly higher level of CALD1 was also detected in patients with higher grade, stage, T and N classification in the GEO cohort. b-c CAFs (p < 0.001), macrophage (p < 0.001), stromal score (p < 0.001), immune score (p < 0.001) and ESTIMATE score (p < 0.001) were significantly different between the high and low CALD1 expression groups, and their expression level was also strongly correlated with CALD1(CAFs: R = 0.86, p<0.001; macrophage: R = 0.47, p < 0.0011; stromal score: R = 0.72, p< 0.001; immune score: R = 0.51, p< 0.001; stromal score: R = 0.81, p<0.001). d-e Close relationships were validated between CALD1 and immune checkpoint related genes, including CTLA4 (p < 0.001, R = 0.46), GAL9 (p<0.05, R=−0.30), LAG3 (p<0.001, R = 0.31), PD-L2 (p<0.001, R = 0.28) and TIM3 (p<0.001, R = 0.38) in the GEO cohort