Skip to main content
. 2021 May 29;98:107831. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107831

Table 1.

Anti-COVID-19/antiviral activities (along with human/mammalian cells toxicities) of cyanorona-20 and the four reference drugs (favipiravir, remdesivir, HCl-arbidol-H2O, and hydroxychloroquine sulfate) against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells.

Classification Compound Name CC50a (μM) Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro (μM)
100% CPE Inhibitory Concentration (CPEIC100)b 50% Reduction in Infectious Virus (EC50)c 50% Reduction in Viral RNA Copy (EC50)d
Target Compound Cyanorona-20 >100 1.40 0.45 0.48
Reference Compounds Favipiravir >100 98.82 94.09 >100
Remdesivir >100 22.50 20.17 23.88
HCl-Arbidol-H2O >100 81.52 64.20 68.42
Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate 93.06 >100 >100 >100
a

CC50 or 50% cytotoxic concentration is the concentration of the tested compound that kills half the cells in an uninfected cell culture. CC50 was determined with serially-diluted compounds in Vero E6 cells at 48 h postincubation using CellTiter-Glow Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega).

b

CPEIC100 or 100% CPE inhibitory concentration is the lowest concentration of the tested compound that causes 100% inhibition of the cytopathic effects (CPE) of SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells under increasing concentrations of the tested compound at 48 h postinfection. Compounds were serially 2-fold or 4-fold diluted from 100 μM concentration.

c

EC50 or 50% effective concentration is the concentration of the tested compound that is required for 50% reduction in infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus particles in vitro. EC50 is determined by infectious virus yield in culture supernatant at 48 h postinfection (log10 TCID50/mL).

d

EC50 or 50% effective concentration is the concentration of the tested compound that is required for 50% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA copies in vitro. EC50 is determined by viral RNA copies number in culture supernatant at 48 h postinfection (log10 RNA copies/mL).