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. 2021 May 29;28(28):37031–37040. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14579-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — c Death mediated by indoor and outdoor air pollution worldwide. An air pollution color intensity illustrating the global death rate produced by indoor air pollution. The percentage displays the rate of death due to indoor air pollution in comparison to other diseases. d The number of indoor air pollution deaths in 1990 compared to 2017. e Death from indoor air pollution age-dependent. Older people over 69 are at greater risk for indoor air pollution. f Rate of indoor air pollution per 100,000 people in 1990 compared to 2017 country distribution. Increasing indoor air pollution is a global concern (Source Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2020 under creative common license attribution). Panels c, d, f, and e were reused from Fig. 3 of Paital B, Agrawal PK. Air pollution by NO2 and PM2.5 explains COVID-19 infection severity by overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in respiratory cells: a review. Environ Chem Lett. 2020 Sep 18:1-18. doi: 10.1007/s10311-020-01091-w obtained with License Number 4971970782195