Table 6.

Energy poverty and TFP: the channel of Internet usage

	Model (3SLS)
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)
	Dep. var
	TFP	TFP	TFP	TFP	TFP	TFP	TFPc	TFPc	TFPc	TFPc	TFPc	TFPc
Cap	−0.0003***	−0.0003***	−0.0003***	−0.0003***	−0.0003***	−0.0003***	−0.0004***	−0.0004***	−0.0005***	−0.0004***	−0.0004***	−0.0004***
	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]	[0.0000]
HC	−0.0761***	−0.0680***	−0.0702***	−0.0636***	−0.0748***	−0.0927***	0.1558***	0.1554***	0.0975***	0.1676***	0.1290***	0.1039***
	[0.0182]	[0.0181]	[0.0182]	[0.0182]	[0.0194]	[0.0191]	[0.0300]	[0.0293]	[0.0300]	[0.0294]	[0.0320]	[0.0317]
Trade	0.0002	0.0003	0.0004**	0.0002	0.0002	0.0002	0.0007**	0.0006**	0.0007***	0.0006**	0.0005*	0.0005*
	[0.0002]	[0.0002]	[0.0002]	[0.0002]	[0.0002]	[0.0002]	[0.0003]	[0.0003]	[0.0003]	[0.0003]	[0.0003]	[0.0003]
FDI	−0.0009	−0.0010	−0.0011	−0.0009	0.0001	−0.0001	−0.0052***	−0.0046***	−0.0058***	−0.0045***	−0.0053***	−0.0056***
	[0.0009]	[0.0009]	[0.0010]	[0.0009]	[0.0009]	[0.0009]	[0.0015]	[0.0015]	[0.0016]	[0.0015]	[0.0016]	[0.0016]
Internet	0.0019***	0.0016***	0.0016***	0.0016***	0.0019***	0.0024***	0.0031***	0.0030***	0.0033***	0.0028***	0.0044***	0.0049***
	[0.0003]	[0.0003]	[0.0003]	[0.0003]	[0.0004]	[0.0004]	[0.0006]	[0.0005]	[0.0005]	[0.0005]	[0.0007]	[0.0007]
Constant	1.1075***	1.1014***	1.0979***	1.1003***	1.1026***	1.1146***	0.4509***	0.4485***	0.5003***	0.4467***	0.4702***	0.4830***
	[0.0156]	[0.0156]	[0.0160]	[0.0156]	[0.0159]	[0.0158]	[0.0257]	[0.0252]	[0.0265]	[0.0252]	[0.0262]	[0.0263]
N	675	717	681	717	630	630	675	717	681	717	630	630
R-squared	0.1166	0.1152	0.1254	0.1154	0.1256	0.1065	0.2496	0.2489	0.2248	0.2507	0.2354	0.2252
	Dep. var
	Internet	Internet	Internet	Internet	Internet	Internet	Internet	Internet	Internet	Internet	Internet	Internet
Income	1.7888***	4.7688***	6.2288***	7.1673***	7.8537***	5.7177***	2.3294***	5.3367***	6.8360***	7.8007***	8.5950***	6.8745***
	[0.5501]	[0.6039]	[0.5253]	[0.5623]	[0.4091]	[0.4621]	[0.5559]	[0.6058]	[0.5243]	[0.5637]	[0.4061]	[0.4628]
Inst	1.9779***	3.3395***	1.9842**	3.3189***	2.1487**	0.7178	1.5535**	3.0432***	1.6442**	2.9561***	1.9557**	0.4650
	[0.7477]	[0.8420]	[0.8274]	[0.8956]	[0.8849]	[0.8465]	[0.7564]	[0.8448]	[0.8256]	[0.8981]	[0.8736]	[0.8481]
EP1	−0.2389***						−0.2330***
	[0.0154]						[0.0155]
EP2		−0.1589***						−0.1531***
		[0.0173]						[0.0173]
EP3			−0.1291***						−0.1267***
			[0.0127]						[0.0127]
EP4				−0.1099***						−0.0989***
				[0.0234]						[0.0235]
EP5					0.0085						0.0045
					[0.0106]						[0.0105]
EP6						0.1351***						0.1136***
						[0.0165]						[0.0165]
Constant	5.0408	−24.468***	−36.045***	−46.840***	−55.140***	−45.747***	0.6640	−28.781***	−40.429***	−51.661***	−59.954***	−52.915***
	[5.0951]	[5.4539]	[4.8211]	[5.0175]	[3.6115]	[3.4968]	[5.1505]	[5.4714]	[4.8115]	[5.0308]	[3.5829]	[3.5015]
Year effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
N	675	717	681	717	630	630	675	717	681	717	630	630
R-squared	0.7717	0.7510	0.7758	0.7300	0.6701	0.6935	0.7713	0.7503	0.7746	0.7290	0.6669	0.6903