Figure 5.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine pretreatment on curcumin-treated PC-3 and PC-3AcT cells. Cells were pretreated with or without NAC (5 mM) for 2 h, followed by CCM treatment at the indicated concentration or 40 μM, if not indicated, for 48 h in DMEM containing lactic acid (3.8 μM). (a) Cellular ROS levels were measured by staining cells with DCF-DA (10 μM). (b) ΔΨm was measured by staining cells with Rhodamine 123 (30 nM). The levels of apoptosis-, necroptosis- (c), and DNA damage response- (d) mediated proteins were measured by Western blotting. (e) Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. ^#P < 0.05 vs. respective CCM-treated cells. CCM: curcumin; NAC: N-acetylcysteine.