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. 2021 Jan 29;28(22):27712–27730. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12178-w

Table 11.

Effects on sector structure, using Kyoto but same sample as if CO2 index was used

Dependent variable Exports (separate) Imports (separate) Exports (joint) Imports (joint) Exports-Imports
Equation number (9) (10) (11a) (11b) (12)
ln(income) 0.081*** 0.033*** − 0.068*** 0.057*** − 0.093***
(0.015) (0.013) (0.012) (0.012) (0.010)
ln(income)2 − 0.001 − 0.006** - - -
(0.004) (0.003)
Rents coal 0.045*** 0.014* − 0.016* 0.002 − 0.028***
(0.010) (0.008) (0.009) (0.009) (0.007)
Rents oil − 0.003 − 0.005* − 0.017*** 0.013*** − 0.026***
(0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003)
Rents gas 0.005 0.003 0.006* − 0.012*** 0.012***
(0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003)
Trade 0.124*** 0.068* 0.140*** − 0.169*** 0.255***
(0.043) (0.036) (0.036) (0.036) (0.027)
Kyoto 0.008 0.019** − 0.013 − 0.023** 0.000
(0.010) (0.008) (0.010) (0.010) (0.008)
Country FE YES YES YES YES JOINT
Partner FE NO NO YES YES JOINT
Year FE YES YES YES YES NO
Weights YES YES YES YES YES
N 525 525 18,309 18,309 8864
R2 0.915 0.906 0.913 0.913 0.471
R2 within 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001

Note: Standard errors in parentheses. */**/***: significant at 10/5/1%. All regressions are weighted by trade flows