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. 2021 Jan 29;28(22):27712–27730. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12178-w

Table 8.

Effects on emissions per value added and output, controlling for sector structure, using CO2 index instead of Kyoto

Dependent variable EIVA EID EI exports EI exports
Equation number (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln(income) − 0.727*** − 0.748*** − 0.736*** − 0.653***
(0.052) (0.026) (0.026) (0.012)
ln(income)2 − 0.013 0.000 0.026*** -
(0.011) (0.006) (0.006)
Rents coal 0.003 0.002 0.032** 0.015*
(0.027) (0.013) (0.016) (0.008)
Rents oil 0.007 0.003 0.016*** 0.024***
(0.011) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005)
Rents gas − 0.009 − 0.013** − 0.010* − 0.018***
(0.012) (0.006) (0.006) (0.005)
Trade − 0.264 − 0.142 − 0.104 − 0.334***
(0.183) (0.091) (0.070) (0.032)
CO2 index 0.213** − 0.024 − 0.020 0.099***
(0.092) (0.045) (0.047) (0.020)
Country FE YES YES YES YES
Partner-year FE NO NO NO YES
Sector-year FE YES YES NO NO
Year FE NO NO YES NO
Weights YES YES YES YES
N 17,420 17,851 525 8922
R2 0.852 0.889 0.985 0.972
R2 within 0.145 0.215 0.762 0.026

Note: Standard errors in parentheses. */**/***: significant at 10/5/1%. All regressions are weighted by VA, output, or exports