Table 2.
Studies comparing results between gout patients and non-gout controls
| Cardiovascular disease | Study | Measure of effect | Effect size | 95% confidence interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardial infarction | Clarson et al. [18] | HR for MI risk adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol, Charlson comorbidity index, comorbidities and medication | M 1.12, F 0.97 | M 1.00–1.27, F 0.77–1.22 |
| Seminog et al. (HES) [10] | RR for MI adjusted for age, sex, time, area of residence and deprivation | 1.82 | 1.78–1.85 | |
| Seminog et al. (ORLS) [10] | RR for MI adjusted for age, sex, time, area of residence and deprivation | 1.95 | 1.57–2.40 | |
| Kuo et al. [3] | HR for incidence adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities | 1.23 | 1.11–1.36 | |
| Singh et al. MI [17] | HR for incidence adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities and medication | 2.08 | 1.95–2.21 | |
| Cerebrovascular accident | Clarson et al. [18] | HR for CVA risk adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol, Charlson comorbidity index, comorbidities and medication | M 0.93, F 1.34 | M 0.81–1.06, F 1.15–1.57 |
| Seminog et al. (HES) [10] | RR for CVA adjusted for age, sex, time, area of residence and deprivation | 1.71 | 1.68–1.75 | |
| Seminog et al. (ORLS) [10] | RR for CVA adjusted for age, sex, time, area of residence and deprivation | 1.91 | 1.70–2.14 | |
| Colantonio et al. [11] | HR for prevalence adjusted for age, sex, race, region of residence, income, education, alcohol, smoking, BMI, physical activity, dietary patterns, comorbidities and medication | 0.83 | 0.48–1.43 | |
| Venous thromboembolism | Chiu et al. [21] | HR for DVT risk | 1.38 | 1.18–1.62 |
| Sultan et al. [25] | HR for VTE risk adjusted for age, sex, BMI, alcohol, smoking, time, deprivation, hospital admission and medication | 1.25 | 1.15–1.35 | |
| Kubota et al. [22] | HR for VTE risk adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, smoking and comorbidity | 1.33 | 0.95–1.86 | |
| Huang et al. [26] | HR for incidence adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities | 1.66 | 1.37–2.01 | |
| Li et al. [24] | HR for incidence adjusted for age, sex, healthcare utilisation, Charlson comorbidities index, comorbidities and medications | 1.22 | 1.13–1.32 | |
| Heart failure | Colantonio et al. [11] | HR for prevalence adjusted for age, sex, race, region of residence, income, education, alcohol, smoking, BMI, physical activity, dietary patterns, comorbidities and medication | 1.97 | 1.22–3.19 |
| Cardiovascular mortality | Stack et al. [29] | HR for prevalence adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI and comorbidities | 1.58 | 1.13–2.19 |
| Disveld et al. [27] | Standardized mortality rate | 6.75 | 4.64–8.86 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | Kim et al. [32] | HR for incidence adjusted age, sex, comorbidities, medication and healthcare utilisation | 1.21 | 1.11–1.33 |
| Singh et al. AF [13] | HR for incidence adjusted for age, sex and medication | 1.92 | 1.88–1.96 | |
| Angina | Clarson et al. [18] | HR for angina risk adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol, charlson comorbidity index, comorbidities and medication | M 1.02, F 1.28 | M 0.92–1.13, F 1.09–1.51 |
| Transient ischaemic attack | Clarson et al. [18] | HR for transient ischaemic attack risk adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol, charlson comorbidity index, comorbidities and medication | M 1.02, F 1.26 | M 0.88–1.18, F 1.05–1.53 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | Clarson et al. [18] | HR for peripheral vascular disease risk adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol, charlson comorbidity index, comorbidities and medication | M 1.18, F 1.89 | M 1.01–1.38, F 1.50–2.38 |
| Hypertension | Pan et al. [31] | HR for hypertension risk adjusted for age, sex, year, education, BMI, alcohol, smoking, physical activity and diabetes | 1.18 | 1.02–1.37 |
| Meek et al. 2013 [30] | OR for prevalence adjusted for age and sex | 2.7 | 1.7–4.3 | |
| Any coronary heart disease | Clarson et al. [18] | HR for coronary heart disease risk adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol, charlson comorbidity index, comorbidities and medication | M 1.08, F 1.25 | M 1.01–1.15, F 1.12–1.39 |
| Colantonio et al. [11] | HR for prevalence adjusted for age, sex, race, region of residence, income, education, alcohol, smoking, BMI, physical activity, dietary patterns, comorbidities and medication | 1.21 | 0.79–1.84 | |
| Aortic stenosis | Chang et al. [33] | OR for prevalence matched for age | 2.08 | 1.00–4.32 |
Bold text indicates statistical significance
BMI Body mass index, DVT Deep vein thrombosis, HES Hospital Episode Statistics, HR Hazard ratio, OR Odds ratio, ORLS Oxford Record Linkage Study, RR Relative risk