Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants by Premature Atrial Contractions Frequency Categories: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
| Total Sample (n=1924) | Minimal PAC, <0.1% (n=407) | Occasional PAC, ≥0.1% – 5% (n=1419) | Frequent PAC, >5% (n=98) | p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 56.4 ± 4.4 | 55.2 ± 3.9 | 56.6 ± 4.5 | 57.0 ± 4.2 | <0.001* |
| Male sex | 785 (40.8) | 140 (34.4) | 591 (41.7) | 54 (55.1) | <0.001* |
| Black race | 444 (23.1) | 120 (29.5) | 301 (21.2) | 23 (23.5) | 0.5 |
| < High school education, | 211 (10.9) | 36 (8.9) | 161 (11.4) | 14 (14.3) | 0.73 |
| Current alcohol consumption, | 1115 (58.0) | 236 (58.0) | 815 (57.4) | 64 (65.3) | 0.14 |
| Clinical Characteristics | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.7 ± 4.8 | 27.4 ± 5.0 | 27.7 ± 4.7 | 28.2 ± 5.0 | 0.26 |
| Coronary heart disease | 102 (5.3) | 24 (5.9) | 75 (5.3) | 3 (3.1) | 0.59 |
| Heart failure | 64 (3.3) | 10 (2.5) | 50 (3.5) | 4 (4.1) | 0.52 |
| Stroke | 258 (13.4) | 46 (11.3) | 194 (13.7) | 18 (18.4) | 0.31 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 65.8 ± 5.5 | 65.5 ± 5.8 | 65.9 ± 5.3 | 65.3 ± 7.2 | 0.49 |
| LA volume index, ml/m2 | 24.4 ± 6.6 | 22.6 ± 5.8 | 24.7 ± 6.6 | 27.2 ± 7.5 | <0.001* |
| Beta-blockers | 563 (29.3) | 124 (30.5) | 409 (28.8) | 30 (30.6) | 0.46 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 476 (24.7) | 100 (24.6) | 350 (24.7) | 26 (26.5) | 0.54 |
| Anti-arrhythmic drugs | 8 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | 6 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0.35 |
All categorical variables expressed as n (%)
All continuous variables expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Baseline at ARIC Visit 3 (1993–95) and PAC burden measured at Visit 6 (2016–17)
Echocardiographic parameters of LA volume index and LV ejection fraction were measured at Visit 5.