Table 1.
Random effect regression of CHE incidence in urban and rural households, 2010–2018
| Variables | Urban = 27,496 | Rural = 28,880 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 %CI | P | OR | 95 %CI | P | |
| Sex (Reference Female) | ||||||
| Male | 0.996 | 0.905–1.097 | 0.941 | 1.092 | 1.003–1.188 | 0.042 |
| Age (Reference 16–34) | ||||||
| 35–54 | 0.944 | 0.780–1.143 | 0.556 | 0.919 | 0.791–1.068 | 0.272 |
| 55–64 | 1.706 | 1.398–2.083 | 0.000 | 1.613 | 1.377–1.890 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 65 | 2.615 | 2.034–3.360 | 0.000 | 2.087 | 1.712–2.535 | 0.000 |
| Marital status (Reference Unmarried) | ||||||
| Married | 1.037 | 0.764–1.407 | 0.818 | 0.963 | 0.786–1.182 | 0.721 |
| Divorced or widow | 1.235 | 0.890–1.713 | 0.206 | 0.999 | 0.793–1.257 | 0.991 |
| Education (Reference Illiterate and elementary) | ||||||
| Middle school | 0.904 | 0.806–1.014 | 0.086 | 0.852 | 0.785–0.924 | 0.000 |
| High school and above | 0.735 | 0.632–0.855 | 0.000 | 0.789 | 0.678–0.918 | 0.002 |
| Self-rated health (Reference good) | ||||||
| Poor | 2.437 | 2.154–2.758 | 0.000 | 1.933 | 1.754–2.130 | 0.000 |
| Medium | 1.135 | 1.187–1.525 | 0.000 | 1.292 | 1.166–1.431 | 0.000 |
| 65 and older (Reference No) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.389 | 1.181–1.634 | 0.003 | 1.214 | 1.076–1.369 | 0.002 |
| Chronic disease (Reference No) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.314 | 1.190–1.451 | 0.000 | 1.301 | 1.200–1.410 | 0.000 |
| Family size (Reference 1–3) | ||||||
| 4–5 | 0.608 | 0.543–0.680 | 0.000 | 0.608 | 0.556–0.665 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 6 | 0.509 | 0.431-0.600 | 0.000 | 0.468 | 0.420–0.521 | 0.000 |
| Economic status (Reference Quartile 4 (Highest)) | ||||||
| Quintile 1 (Lowest) | 2.655 | 2.296–3.070 | 0.000 | 2.253 | 1.948–2.605 | 0.000 |
| Quintile 2 | 1.763 | 1.528–2.035 | 0.000 | 1.572 | 1.354–1.825 | 0.000 |
| Quintile 3 | 1.519 | 1.334–1.729 | 0.000 | 1.218 | 1.043–1.421 | 0.013 |
| Inpatient service (Reference No) | ||||||
| Yes | 3.710 | 3.367–4.087 | 0.000 | 3.395 | 3.134–3.677 | 0.000 |
| Outpatient service (Reference No) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.236 | 1.121–1.363 | 0.000 | 1.145 | 1.057–1.240 | 0.001 |
| Health insurance (Reference No insurance) | ||||||
| NRCMS | 1.084 | 0.926–1.270 | 0.315 | 1.164 | 1.005–1.349 | 0.043 |
| UEBMI | 0.932 | 0.782–1.111 | 0.434 | 0.865 | 0.654–1.144 | 0.308 |
| URBMI | 1.181 | 0.985–1.416 | 0.073 | 1.139 | 0.833–1.558 | 0.414 |
| SMI | 0.929 | 0.756–1.142 | 0.485 | 0.898 | 0.677–1.190 | 0.453 |
| cons | 0.011 | 0.007–0.018 | 0.000 | 0.043 | 0.028–0.065 | 0.000 |
| lnsig2u | -2.028 | -3.298–0.758 | —— | -2.128 | -3.390–0.866 | —— |
| sigma_u | 0.363 | 0.192–0.685 | —— | 0.345 | 0.184–0.649 | —— |
| rho | 0.038 | 0.011–0.125 | —— | 0.035 | 0.010–0.113 | —— |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
| Chi-square | 186.94 | 263.36 | ||||
| AIC | 13611.27 | 19462.716 | ||||