Table 5.
Effects of COVID-19 on health care access, social and economic status
| Female n = 1083 |
(%) | Male n = 1073 | (%) | Total n = 2156 |
(%) | P values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of respondents who reporting not being able to access the following services | |||||||
| E-pills and other contraceptives | 88 | (8.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 88 | (4.1) | NA |
| Sanitary towels | 117 | (10.8) | 0 | (0.0) | 117 | (5.4) | NA |
| Condoms | 26 | (2.4) | 156 | (14.5) | 182 | (8.4) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-retroviral treatment | 19 | (1.8) | 30 | (2.8) | 49 | (2.3) | 0.105 |
| HIV/AIDS counselling | 33 | (3.0) | 69 | (6.4) | 102 | (4.7) | < 0.001 |
| Medicine for acute illnesses | 92 | (8.5) | 124 | (11.6) | 216 | (10.0) | 0.018 |
| Medicine for stomach/digestive problems | 73 | (6.7) | 81 | (7.5) | 154 | (7.1) | 0.466 |
| Medicine for diabetes/Blood pressure | 30 | (2.8) | 39 | (3.6) | 69 | (3.2) | 0.254 |
| Refills for other regular medications | 99 | (9.1) | 93 | (8.7) | 192 | (8.9) | 0.699 |
| Immunization/nutrition services for children | 115 | (10.6) | 115 | (10.7) | 230 | (10.7) | 0.941 |
| Medicine for pre-natal care | 42 | (3.9) | 32 | (3.0) | 74 | (3.4) | 0.253 |
| Medication of mental health/stress depression | 69 | (6.4) | 102 | (9.5) | 171 | (7.9) | 0.007 |
|
Other social effects: % of respondents who reported the below effects on social status |
1083 | (%) | 1073 | (%) | 2156 | (%) | P values |
| See friends less | 440 | (40.6) | 436 | (40.6) | 876 | (40.6) | 0.998 |
| Seeing family less | 405 | (37.4) | 368 | (34.3) | 773 | (35.9) | 0.133 |
| Stayed at home | 391 | (36.1) | 319 | (29.7) | 710 | (32.9) | 0.002 |
| Live in fear | 326 | (30.1) | 321 | (29.9) | 647 | (30.0) | 0.925 |
| Avoid public transport | 306 | (28.3) | 339 | (31.6) | 645 | (29.9) | 0.09 |
| Increased housework | 163 | (15.1) | 101 | (9.4) | 264 | (12.2) | < 0.001 |
| More stress | 314 | (29.0) | 257 | (24.0) | 571 | (26.5) | 0.008 |
| Increased crime in neighborhood | 108 | (10.0) | 149 | (13.9) | 257 | (11.9) | 0.005 |
| Unable to access health care | 142 | (13.1) | 113 | (10.5) | 255 | (11.8) | 0.064 |
| Experienced more violence outside house | 47 | (4.3) | 61 | (5.7) | 108 | (5.0) | 0.152 |
| Stigma | 23 | (2.1) | 37 | (3.4) | 60 | (2.8) | 0.062 |
| Experienced more violence inside house | 10 | (0.9) | 27 | (2.5) | 37 | (1.7) | 0.004 |
|
Economic effects % of respondents who reported the below effects on economic factors |
1083 | (%) | 1073 | (%) | 2156 | (%) | P values |
| Significant reduction in income | 464 | (42.8) | 615 | (57.3) | 1079 | (50.0) | < 0.001 |
| Increased expense in house | 397 | (36.7) | 342 | (31.9) | 739 | (34.3) | 0.019 |
| Increase in food prices | 374 | (34.5) | 350 | (32.6) | 724 | (33.6) | 0.357 |
| Complete loss of job | 244 | (22.5) | 250 | (23.3) | 494 | (22.9) | 0.671 |
| Unable to purchase sanitary towel | 44 | (4.1) | 12 | (1.1) | 56 | (2.6) | < 0.001 |