Fig. 5. MondoA knockdown increases muscle glycogen level by promoting glucose uptake of skeletal muscle cells. (A) Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of gastrocnemius sections from wild-type (WT) and MondoA knockout (MAKO) mice. Scale bar=100 µm (top) or 200 µm (bottom). (B) Muscle glycogen content of gastrocnemius muscle (80 mg per group) from WT and MAKO mice (n=5). (C) Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of MondoA, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and arrestin domain-containing 4 (ARRDC4) in gastrocnemius muscle from WT and MAKO mice. (D) Western blotting analysis of MondoA and TXNIP in gastrocnemius muscle from WT and MAKO mice. (E) Western blotting analysis of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT4 in the cell membrane and cytoplasm in the gastrocnemius muscle from WT and MAKO mice. (F) Western blotting analysis of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in C2C12 myotubes after transfection of C2C12 cells with small interfering RNA against MondoA (siMondoA) or negative control (NC). (G) Glycogen content of C2C12 myotubes cultured in 10-cm dishes after transfection with siMondoA or NC. (H) Relative glucose uptake of C2C12 myotubes after transfection with siMondoA or NC. ^aP<0.05, ^bP<0.01, ^cP<0.001.