Table 2:
Association of first trimester BTEX exposure and mid-pregnancy BTEX exposure with mid-pregnancy inflammatory biomarkers
| Variable | Log hs-CRP | Log IL-6 | Log IL-10 | Log IL-1β | Log TNF-α | IL-6/IL-10 | IL-10/TNF-α |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β±se | β±se | β±se | β±se | β±se | β±se | β±se | |
| (P-value) | (P-value) | (P-value) | (P-value) | (P-value) | (P-value) | (P-value) | |
| First trimester BTEX exposure (μg/m3)a | |||||||
| Unadjusted | −0.04±0.04 | 0.02±0.02 | 0.02±0.01 | 0.05±0.02 | 0.06±0.02 | 0.02±0.04 | −0.0±0.01 |
| (p=0.302) | (p=0.295) | (p=0.197) | (p=0.020) | (p=0.009) | (p=0.667) | (p=0.719) | |
| Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy | −0.02±0.03 | 0.03±0.02 | 0.02±0.01 | 0.05±0.02 | 0.06±0.02 | 0.03±0.04 | −0.00±0.01 |
| BMI, and high school education | (p=0.494) | (p=0.154) | (p=0.184) | (p=0.020) | (p=0.008) | (p=0.458) | (p=0.737) |
| Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy | −0.02±0.03 | 0.03±0.02 | 0.02±0.01 | 0.05±0.02 | 0.07±0.02 | 0.04±0.04 | −0.01±0.01 |
| BMI, high school education, and GA at inflammatory biomarker measurement | (p=0.609) | (p=0.135) | (p=0.206) | (p=0.014) | (p=0.006) | (p=0.372) | (p=0.656) |
| Mid-pregnancy BTEX exposure (μg/m3)b | |||||||
| Unadjusted | −0.11±0.05 | −0.0±0.03) | 0.04±0.02 | 0.05±0.03 | 0.04±0.03 | −0.06±0.05 | 0.01±0.02 |
| (p=0.033) | (p=0.900) | (p=0.044) | (p=0.065) | (p=0.190) | (p=0.285) | (p=0.552) | |
| Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy | −0.07±0.04 | 0.01±0.03 | 0.04±0.02 | 0.05±0.03 | 0.04±0.03 | −0.03±0.05 | 0.01±0.02 |
| BMI, and high school education | (p=0.110) | (p=0.787) | (p=0.043) | (p=0.049) | (0.166) | (p=0.496) | (p=0.525) |
| Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy | −0.06±0.04 | 0.01±0.03 | 0.04±0.02 | 0.06±0.03 | 0.05±0.03 | −0.02±0.05 | 0.01±0.02 |
| BMI, high school education, and GA at inflammatory biomarker measurement | (p=0.189) | (p=0.700) | (p=0.052) | (p=0.027) | (p=0.115) | (p=0.661) | (p=0.647) |
β, parameter estimate; se, standard error; BMI, body mass index; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; BTEX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene; GA, gestational age
a
First trimester BTEX exposure is the average exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy
b
Mid-pregnancy BTEX exposure is the average exposure from the start of pregnancy through the time of inflammatory biomarker measurement
Bold font indicates variable with P < 0.05