Table 2. Characteristics of the participants in each group. P-values represent the independent samples t-tests.
Values are Mean±SD or Median(IQR).
| Fallers (n=14) | Non-fallers (n=15) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 76.6±9.1 | 77.4±7.6 | p=0.79 |
| Gender | 3 males, 11 females | 4 males, 11 females | p=0.75 |
| Years of Education | 16.9±3.2 | 16.9±2.4 | p=0.98 |
| Number of Falls in Last 12 Months | 2 (2 – 4) | 0 (0 – 0) | p<0.001 |
| Cognitive Assessments | |||
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment (max. 30) | 26.2±2.5 | 27.0±2.3 | p=0.35 |
| WAIS Vocabulary Subtest (max. 70) | 56.5 (54 – 60) | 59 (57 – 62) | p=0.09 |
| WAIS Digit Symbol Substitution Subtest (max. 93) | 41.2±9.9 | 51.5±7.3 | p=0.003 |
| WAIS Digit Symbol Copy Subtest (sec) | 89.1 (76.2 – 112.0) | 75.8 (68.5 – 87.1) | p=0.04 |
| Comprehensive Trail Making Test Composite Index | 44.0±6.8 | 54.3±5.6 | p<0.001 |
| Stroop Color-word Test Interference Reaction Time (ms) | 445.3±136.9 | 324.4±101.1 | p=0.01 |
| Functional Mobility Assessments | |||
| 10 Meter Walk Test (m/s) | 1.08±0.27 | 1.30±0.17 | p=0.01 |
| Timed Up and Go (sec) | 9.7 (8.2 – 13.2) | 7.9 (7.1 – 8.4) | p=0.003 |
| Four Square Step Test (sec) | 12.8 (7.7 – 16.7) | 8.9 (8.7 – 9.4) | p=0.01 |
| Dynamic Gait Index (max. 24) | 19.5 (17 – 22) | 23 (23 – 24) | p=0.001 |
| Vision Assessments | |||
| Snellen Vision Acuity (with corrective lenses, normal is 20/20) | 20/40 (20/70 - 20/25) | 20/20 (20/40 - 20/20) | p=0.01 |
| Melbourne Edge Test of Contrast Sensitivity (max. 24) | 19 (18.75 – 20) | 20 (20 – 21) | p=0.08 |
| Community Participation and Self-Efficacy | |||
| Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly | 132.1±59.0 | 147.7±77.2 | p=0.55 |
| Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (max. 100) | 82.5 (59.1 – 87.6) | 91.9 (89.1 – 97.5) | p=0.005 |