Table 2.
Comparison of the cephalometric measurements between conventional and artificial intelligence methods
| Conventional | AI | Difference | Significance (p value) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Skeletal measurement | |||||||
| Saddle angle (°) | 124.6 | 5.0 | 123.4 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 0.002a |
| Articular angle (°) | 149.3 | 6.1 | 149.9 | 5.3 | −0.6 | 3.5 | 0.316 |
| Gonion angle (°) | 121.4 | 5.8 | 121.9 | 7.6 | −0.5 | 4.1 | 0.482 |
| Sum | 395.3 | 6.3 | 395.2 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 0.894 |
| Ant. cranial base (mm) | 69.5 | 3.7 | 68.4 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 0.228 |
| Post. cranial base (mm) | 38.6 | 4.6 | 37.1 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 3.6 | 0.119 |
| Ramus height (mm) | 50.4 | 6.4 | 49.8 | 6.7 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 0.257 |
| SNA (°) | 80.7 | 3.8 | 81.2 | 3.8 | −0.5 | 1.8 | 0.114 |
| SNB (°) | 77.6 | 4.5 | 78.0 | 4.8 | −0.4 | 1.5 | 0.143 |
| ANB (°) | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | −0.1 | 1.4 | 0.618 |
| Facial angle (Down’s) | 87.2 | 3.2 | 88.0 | 3.8 | −0.8 | 1.9 | 0.071 |
| Post.FH/Ant.FH | 66.2 | 5.1 | 66.1 | 4.8 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 0.661 |
| Mn. plane angle (°) | 35.3 | 6.3 | 35.6 | 6.2 | −0.3 | 2.8 | 0.511 |
| FMA (°) | 26.3 | 5.7 | 25.7 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 0.198 |
| Palatal plane angle (°) | 24.6 | 5.9 | 24.9 | 5.7 | −0.3 | 1.7 | 0.513 |
| Dental measurement | |||||||
| Wits appraisal | −1.3 | 7.2 | −2.5 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 6.7 | 0.305 |
| FMIA (°) | 58.9 | 8.5 | 60.0 | 8.5 | −1.1 | 4.4 | 0.138 |
| IMPA (°) | 95.0 | 8.3 | 93.9 | 7.4 | 1.1 | 3.9 | 0.111 |
| Mx 1 to SN (°) | 107.0 | 11.0 | 107.6 | 8.8 | −0.6 | 5.1 | 0.523 |
| Interincisal angle (°) | 122.9 | 14.8 | 122.9 | 11.8 | 0.1 | 6.5 | 0.988 |
| Mx1 to NA (°) | 26.3 | 9.6 | 26.4 | 7.2 | −0.1 | 4.6 | 0.910 |
| Mx1 to NA (mm) | 7.5 | 3.6 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0.001a |
| Mn1 to NB (°) | 27.7 | 7.4 | 27.6 | 6.9 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 0.922 |
| Mn1 to NB (mm) | 8.3 | 3.3 | 6.1 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.000a |
| Soft tissue measurement | |||||||
| Esthetic line to upper lip (mm) | 0.6 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.899 |
| Esthetic line to lower lip (mm) | 1.6 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.884 |
SD Standard deviation
aThe results of paired t test