Table 2.
Results of laryngostroboscopic (parameters total number and significance level) for synkinetic and nonsynkinetic reinnervation in unilateral vocal fold immobility diagnosed with laryngeal electromyography
| Laryngostroboscopic parameters | p-value | Synkinesis (n) | No Synkinesis (n) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glottal gap | 0.471 | I/1 = complete closure | 6 | 3 |
| I/2 = incomplete closure in the cartilaginous part | 1 | 4 | ||
| I/3 = triangular incomplete closure anterior to the vocal process | 1 | 1 | ||
| I/4 = triangular incomplete closure of the posterior third of the vocal folds | 2 | 4 | ||
| I/5 = incomplete closure of the posterior two thirds | 3 | 4 | ||
| I/6 = incomplete closure all along the folds with posterior gap | 7 | 9 | ||
| IIA/7 = spindle shaped incomplete closure or hourglass shape | 3 | 2 | ||
| Vocal fold length difference | 0.141 | No | 20 | 20 |
| Yes | 3 | 7 | ||
| Not detectable | 22 | 26 | ||
| Height difference of vocal folds | 0.956 | Yes | 1 | 0 |
| Not detectable | 0 | 1 | ||
| Supraglottal activity | 0.798 | No | 8 | 11 |
| Anterior/posterior | 0 | 0 | ||
| Latero-medial bilateral | 3 | 4 | ||
| Latero-medial healthy | 10 | 9 | ||
| Lateromedial affected side | 0 | 0 | ||
| Circumferential | 2 | 2 | ||
| Not detectable | 0 | 0 | ||
| Motility of the arytenoid cartilage without VF mobility | 0.764 | No | 21 | 22 |
| yes | 2 | 4 | ||
| Irregularities in LS | 0.435 | No | 2 | 3 |
| Yes | 3 | 6 | ||
| Not detectable | 18 | 17 | ||
| Phase differences | 0.378 | No | 1 | 0 |
| Yes | 3 | 9 | ||
| Not detectable | 19 | 17 | ||
| Position of the paretic VF in respiration | 0.557 | Median | 4 | 2 |
| Paramedian | 15 | 19 | ||
| Intermediate | 3 | 4 | ||
| Lateral | 1 | 1 | ||
| Not detectable | 0 | 0 | ||
| Adduction on the side of UVFP | 0.445 | Midline | 2 | 2 |
| Decreased | 9 | 14 | ||
| None | 12 | 10 | ||
| Not detectable | 0 | 0 | ||
| Abduction on the side of UVFP | 0.539 | Midline | 0 | 0 |
| Decreased | 2 | 4 | ||
| None | 21 | 22 | ||
| Not detectable | 0 | 0 | ||
| Excavation on the side of UVFP | 0.331 | No | 14 | 20 |
| Yes | 9 | 6 | ||
| Not detectable | 0 | 0 | ||
| Mucosal wave on the side of UVFP | 0.284 | Normal | 3 | 2 |
| Enlarged | 1 | 0 | ||
| Decreased | 0 | 2 | ||
| Not detectable | 19 | 22 | ||
| Amplitude on the side of UVFP | 0.351 | Normal | 3 | 2 |
| Enlarged | 1 | 1 | ||
| Decreased | 0 | 2 | ||
| Not detectable | 19 | 21 | ||
| Arytenoid cartilage position on the side of UVFP | 0.126 | Upright positioned | 15 | 2 |
| Collapsed to midline without affecting vocal fold closure | 6 | 16 | ||
| Collapsed to midline with affecting vocal fold closure | 2 | 2 | ||
| Not detectable | 0 | 1 | ||
| Arytenoid cartilage outward rotation during phonation | 0.060 | No | 23 | 23 |
| Yes | 0 | 3 | ||
| Not detectable | 0 | 0 | ||
| Overlapping of arytenoids | 0.096 | No | 23 | 23 |
| Yes | 0 | 3 |
VF vocal fold, UVFP unilateral vocal fold paresis