Table 2.

Reported cases of irritant contact dermatitis due to personal protective equipment and hand hygiene during COVID-19

Authors (Alphabetical), Year Published	Country of Origin	HCWs or Non-HCWs	Number of Patients	Location of ICD	Cause of Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Alluhayyan et al,20 2020	Saudi Arabia	HCWs	Not specifically reported	Nasal bridge Cheeks Ears	Pressure from goggles and facemasks
			200	Hands Wrists Forearms	Chemicals from hand cleansers, disinfectants, and natural rubber/latex gloves
Bothra et al,15 2020	India	Both	5	Retroauricular	Mask straps (thermoelastic polymer, latex) Dyes and disinfectant use on masks
Chaiyabutr et al,21 2020	Thailand	Non-HCW	Not specifically reported	Face	Multilayer surgical masks leading to occlusion; N95 mask borders leading to abrasion
Ferguson et al,16 2020	United Kingdom	HCWs	69	Face	Pressure from fitted mask and length of mask worn
			110	Hands	Chemicals from Clinell wipes (GAMA Healthcare, Watford, UK), benzalkonium chloride
Hu et al,22 2020	China	HCWs	58	Face Nasal bridge Ears	Pressure from N95 respirators
			54	Hands	Latex gloves
			37	Body	Disposable gowns worn 10 h daily for 3.5 mo
Kiely et al,23 2020	Ireland	HCWs	26.28%	Forehead Nose Cheeks	Length of use of facial PPE
			76.43% ∗223 total HCW—some complained of facial and hand dermatitis	Hands	Excessive handwashing
Metin et al,24 2020	Turkey	HCWs	194	Face	Excessive face washing
			782	Hands	Excessive hand hygiene Excessive glove use
			200	Body	Excessive daily showering
Singh et al,17 2020	India	HCWs	28	Forehead Temple Ears Eyelids/canthus Cheeks and chin Nasal bridge Lips/mouth	Duration of wear and fitting of goggles, N95 respirators, and face shields
Techasatian et al,25 2020	Thailand	Both	454	Ears Face	Physical/frictional from ear straps and pressure from face masks