| 5-FU | 5-fluorouracil |
| ARHGAP24 | Rho GTPase activating protein 24 |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| BC | Breast cancer |
| CSCs | cancer stem cells |
| ccRCC | clear cell renal cell carcinoma |
| CRC | colorectal cancer |
| CYRI/FAM49B | CYFIP-related Rac1 interacting protein |
| CSCC | cervical squamous cell carcinoma |
| CC | contraceptive centchroman |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell |
| circRSF1 | circRNA-RSF1 |
| DADS | diallyl disulfide |
| DA-MED | deacetylepoxydiene |
| DSG2 | Desmoglein-2 |
| ESCC | esophageal squamous cell carcinoma |
| Erα | estrogen receptor α |
| EOC | epithelial ovarian cancer |
| ECs | endxothelial cells |
| EMT | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| EPS8 | epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 |
| GSLC | glioma stem-like cells |
| GEFT | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor T |
| GDIs | guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor |
| GAPs | GTPase activator protein |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HSC | hepatic stellate cells |
| HNSCC | head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
| HSCs | hematopoietic stem cells |
| ISC | intestinal stem cells |
| IQGAP1 | IQ-guanosine triphosphatease-activating protein 1 |
| ITGA5 | Integrin alpha5 |
| ICIs | Immune checkpoint inhibitors |
| IR | radiation therapy |
| IL17A | interleukin 17A |
| LIMK1 | LIM kinase 1 |
| LFA-1 | lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 |
| MET | mesenchymal-epithelial transformation |
| M1-Exos | M1-type macrophage-derived exosomes |
| NAC | neoadjuvant chemotherapy |
| NPC | nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| NSCLC | non-small cell lung cancer |
| NBS | nucleotide-binding site |
| OIP5 | OPA interacting protein-5 |
| OSCC | oral squamous cell carcinoma |
| OXA | oxaliplatin |
| PPP | pentose phosphate pathway |
| PBR | multi-base region |
| PGC | primary gallbladder cancer |
| PKC-ζ | protein kinase C-ζ |
| PAKs | p21 activated kinase |
| pp70s6k | The 70 kDa S6 kinase complexes |
| PLS1 | Plastin1 |
| PTPσ | protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma |
| PLPPR1 | phospholipid phosphatase-related protein 1 |
| RIII | radiation-induced intestinal injury |
| RILD | radiation-induced liver disease |
| Rac1 | RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 |
| RCC | renal cell carcinoma |
| RCC2 | regulation of chromosome condensation 2 |
| ROCK2 | Rho-linked kinase 2 |
| RMS | rhabdomyosarcoma |
| Sema3F | semaphorin-3F |
| Sema3C | Semaphorin-3C |
| S1PR1 | Sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 |
| SDF-1α | stromal cell-derived factor 1-α |
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Tiam1 | T lymphoma invasion and metastasis protein 1 |
| TNBC | triple-negative breast cancer |
| TNFAIP8L2/TIPE2 | tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 |
| UA | Urobilin A |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VEGFR | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor |