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. 2021 May 17;12:680073. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680073

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Copyright © 2021 Fan, Ross, Stanton, Hou, Zhao, Zhang, Yang and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of L. casei on CIA in rats. (A) Change of body weight, (B) Thickness of the paws, (C) arthritis score. Representative photographs of paw (D) and representative microCT images of paw (E). control (vehicle-treated with saline 1.5 mL/day) group, CIA (vehicle-treated with saline 1.5 mL/day) group, methotrexate (MTX)-treated (6 mg/kg/week) group, CCFM1074 (treated with CCFM1074, 8.5 × 10⁹ CFU/day) group and CCFM1075 (treated with CCFM1075, 8.5 × 10⁹ CFU/day) group, eight rats per group. The representative histopathological sections of knee were determined by H&E staining (scale bar 500 μm) (F). *p<0.05, **p<0.01 (two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test). Blue *, CIA vs. Control; purple *, CIA vs. MTX.