Table 3.
Factors associated with residual renal impairment at discharge of COVID-19 children
| Factors | Residual Renal Impairmenta (%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ≥ 5 years | 10.4 | 0.350 |
| < 5 years | 5.0 | ||
| Sex | Male | 8.1 | 0.806 |
| Female | 9.6 | ||
| Nationality | Saudi | 10.6 | 0.565 |
| Non-Saudi | 7.1 | ||
| Comorbiditiesb | No | 4.7 | 0.023 |
| Yes | 20.0 | ||
| Dyspnea | No | 9.1 | 0.966 |
| Yes | 8.8 | ||
| GI symptomsc | No | 9.2 | 0.895 |
| Yes | 8.3 | ||
| Skin rash | No | 8.1 | 0.134 |
| Yes | 33.3 | ||
| Arterial BP | Normal | 6.9 | < 0.001 |
| High | 0 | ||
| Low | 75.0 | ||
| Hypoxia | No | 5.6 | 0.020 |
| Yes | 23.5 | ||
| Dehydration | No | 8.2 | 0.588 |
| Yes | 12.5 | ||
| Heart failure (clinical signs) | No | 8.0 | 0.001 |
| Yes | 100 | ||
| Chest radiograph | Normal | 7.6 | 0.005 |
| Mild Pneumonia | 5.6 | ||
| Severe Pneumonia | 0 | ||
| ARDS | 66.7 | ||
| Anemia | No | 7.0 | 0.386 |
| Yes | 12.5 | ||
| WBC | Normal | 4.0 | 0.164 |
| Low | 18.2 | ||
| High | 14.3 | ||
| Serum sodium | Normal | 5.3 | 0.011 |
| Low | 25.0 | ||
| High | 33.3 | ||
| Hyperkalemia | No | 9.6 | 0.425 |
| Yes | 0 | ||
| LFT | Normal | 6.0 | 0.046 |
| Abnormal | 21.1 | ||
| CRP | Normal | 3.8 | 0.033 |
| High | 17.1 | ||
| Troponin I | Normal | 9.4 | 0.262 |
| High | 20.0 | ||
| Blood culture | Negative | 6.8 | 0.002 |
| Positive | 42.9 | ||
Abbreviations: GI gastrointestinal, BP blood pressure, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, WBC white blood cells, LFT liver function test, CRP C-reactive protein
Note: aAbnormal renal function at the time of discharge. b Comorbidities include diabetes, renal disease, respiratory disease, cardiac disease, oncology/hematology disorders, and/or metabolic disorder. cDiarrhea or vomiting