TABLE 2.

Conditional logistic regression of risk of CKD (1).

	Crude OR	95% C.I.	p value	Adjusted OR a	95% C.I.	p value
CHM	0.96	0.84–1.11	0.593	1.01	0.86–1.18	0.920
Hypertension	3.04	2.50–3.68	<0.001	2.50	2.03–3.09	<0.001
Hyperlipidemia	1.30	1.13–1.49	<0.001	0.84	0.70–0.998	0.047
Chronic liver disease	1.17	1.01–1.36	0.037	1.09	0.92–1.28	0.308
Diabetes	1.83	1.59–2.12	<0.001	1.48	1.26–1.73	<0.001
COPD	1.32	1.12–1.55	0.001	1.02	0.85–1.22	0.810
Autoimmune disease	1.05	0.84–1.31	0.690	0.98	0.77–1.25	0.862
Cardiovascular disease	1.33	1.15–1.54	<0.001	0.96	0.81–1.14	0.665
Stroke	1.58	1.34–1.85	<0.001	1.24	1.04–1.49	0.019
Corticosteroids	1.75	1.52–2.01	<0.001	1.68	1.44–1.95	<0.001
Statin	1.78	1.54–2.05	<0.001	1.49	1.24–1.79	<0.001
NSAIDs	1.18	0.87–1.59	0.286	0.96	0.69–1.33	0.790
Aspirin	1.58	1.37–1.83	<0.001	1.06	0.89–1.27	0.504

Bold font indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).

CHM, Chinese herb medicine; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NSAIDs, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

^aAdjusted for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic liver disease, diabetes, COPD, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, corticosteroids, statin, NSAIDs, and aspirin.