TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by tertiles of CardShock risk score and access site
| CardShock tertile 1 (n = 55) | CardShock tertile 2 (n = 54) | CardShock tertile 3 (n = 44) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Radial (n = 41) | Femoral (n = 14) | Radial (n = 31) | Femoral (n = 23) | Radial (n = 10) | Femoral (n = 34) |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, years | 66 (60, 70) | 64.5 (52, 68)NS | 63 (57, 72) | 66 (60,72)NS | 63.5 (52, 74) | 69 (63, 75)NS |
| Male | 34 (82.9) | 10 (71.4)NS | 21 (67.7) | 17 (73.9)NS | 7 (70.0) | 21 (61.8)NS |
| BMI median (Q1, Q3) | 28.4 (24.6, 32.3) | 23.4 (21.8, 27)* | 28.9 (25.7, 33) | 28.2 (23, 30.2)NS | 32.9 (31.3, 35.1) | 28.1 (24.5, 33.1)NS |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1)NS | 1 (3.2) | 5 (21.7)* | 4 (40.0) | 13 (38.2)NS |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (39.0) | 4 (28.6)NS | 13 (41.9) | 10 (43.4)NS | 6 (60.0) | 23 (67.7)NS |
| Index GFR < 60 ml/min | 17 (41.5) | 5 (35.7)NS | 17 (54.8) | 17 (73.9)NS | 6 (60.0) | 26 (76.5)NS |
| Prior MI/PCI/valve surgery | 6 (14.6) | 3 (21.4)NS | 5 (16.1) | 7 (30.4)NS | 2 (20.0) | 6 (17.6)NS |
| EF ≤ 30% | 20 (48.8) | 9 (64.3)NS | 18(58.1) | 17 (73.9)NS | 5 (50.0) | 24 (70.6)NS |
| Mechanical ventilation | 14 (34.1) | 9 (64.3)* | 18 (58.0) | 20 (87.0)* | 10 (100) | 34 (100)NS |
| Number of vasopressors | 1 (0, 1) | 1 (1, 2)NS | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 3)** | 3 (2, 3) | 3 (3, 3)NS |
| Systolic BP | 90 (87, 95) | 93.5 (82, 100)NS | 90 (80, 100) | 75 (70, 95)** | 75 (70, 82) | 70 (60, 75)* |
| Cardiac arrest | 6 (14.6) | 5 (35.7)NS | 10 (32.2) | 10 (43.5)NS | 3 (30.0) | 17 (50.0)NS |
| Smoking history | 26 (63.4) | 7 (50.0)NS | 15 (48.4) | 12 (52.2)NS | 6 (60.0) | 6 (17.6)NS |
| Severity of shock and hemodynamics | ||||||
| CardShock score | 3 (2,3) | 3 (2, 3)NS | 5 (4, 5) | 5 (4,6)NS | 6 (6, 7) | 7 (6, 7)NS |
| RA | 12 (10, 19) | 12 (10, 16)NS | 13 (11, 15) | 15 (10, 20)NS | 16 (14, 17) | 15 (11,18)NS |
| PCWP | 20 (16, 26.5) | 20 (19, 30)NS | 23 (18, 31)NS | 24 (16, 30)NS | 22 (21, 30) | 24 (15, 27)NS |
| RA/wedge ratio | 0.6 (0.6, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.7)NS | 0.6 (0.4, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8)NS | 0.6 (0.55, 0.6) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8)NS |
| Baseline lactate | 2 (1.3, 2.8) | 2.1 (1.5, 3.5)NS | 2.75 (1.9, 6.4) | 3.2 (2.1, 6.4)NS | 3.8 (1.7, 5.1) | 3.9 (2.2, 7.4)NS |
| Baseline CPO | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.4, 0.8)NS | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.0)NS | 0.8 (0.7, 0.8) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7)NS |
| Baseline PAPi | 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7)NS | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8)NS | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.8 (0.8, 2.1)NS |
| SCAI shock | ||||||
| C | 41 (100) | 14 (100)NS | 27 (87.1) | 13 (56.5)** | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0)NS |
| D | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (12.9) | 10 (43.5) | 5 (50.0) | 21 (61.8) |
| E | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (50.0) | 13 (38.2) |
| Clinical presentation | ||||||
| NSTEMI | 20 (48.8) | 5 (35.7)NS | 13 (41.9) | 12 (52.2)NS | 5 (50.0) | 16 (47.1)NS |
| STEMI | 20 (48.8) | 9 (64.3) | 17 (54.8) | 11 (47.8) | 5 (50.0) | 18 (52.9) |
| Unstable angina | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0)NS | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0)NS | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0)NS |
Note: Values presented are median (Q1, Q3) or frequency (percent), where appropriate.
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CPO, cardiac power output; EF, ejection fraction; NS, nonsignificant; NSTEMI, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; PAPi, pulmonary arterial pulsatility index; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RA, right atrium; SCAI, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.