TABLE 4.
Angiographic and interventional characteristics stratified by index SCAI shock classification
| Parameter | SCAI C N = 95 | SCAI D N = 40 | SCAI E N = 18 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to access, min | 14 (11.5, 16.5) | 15 (12, 18) | 15 (14, 16) NS |
| Time to balloon, min | 23 (21, 26) | 24.5 (21, 27) | 24.5 (24, 29) NS |
| Contrast volume, cc | 120 (100, 160) | 160 (127.5, 190) | 130 (110, 160)† |
| Fluoroscopy time, min | 14 (9.8, 18) | 15.5 (9, 24.9) | 15.6 (10, 18.5)† |
| Intervention | |||
| DES | 65 (68.4) | 29 (72.5) | 12 (66.7) |
| BMS | 2 (2.1) | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| PTCA | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.1) |
| CABG | 17 (17.9) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Medical management | 7 (7.4) | 7(12.5) | 4 (22.2) ** |
| Anticoagulant | |||
| Bivalirudin | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| UF heparin | 92 (96.8) | 39 (97.5) | 18 (100) NS |
| Antiplatelet | |||
| Clopidogrel | 37 (39.0) | 18 (45.0) | 10 (55.6) |
| Prasugrel | 4 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Ticagrelor | 34 (35.8) | 16 (40.0) | 5 (27.8) |
| NA | 20 (21.1) | 6 (15.0) | 3 (16.7) NS |
| IIbIIIa | 28 (29.5) | 15 (37.5) | 7 (38.9) NS |
| PCI complication | 2 (2.1) | 3 (7.5) | 1 (5.6) NS |
| Multi-vessel PCI | 3 (3.2) | 6 (15.0) | 3 (16.8) * |
| Ultrasound for CA site | 30 (31.6) | 20 (50.0) | 8 (44.4) NS |
| Ultrasound for MCS | 62 (65.3) | 18 (45.0) | 8 (44.4) * |
| Devices | |||
| IABP | 59 (62.1) | 12 (30.0) | 5 (27.8)† |
| Escalation from IABP | 22 (37.3) | 7 (58.3) | 3 (60.0) NS |
| Impella only | 32 (33.7) | 18 (45.0) | 9 (50.0) NS |
| Impella CP | 32 (100) | 17 (94.4) | 9 (100) |
| Impella 2.5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Impella 5.0 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Impella RP | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) NS |
| VA-ECMO only | 2 (2.1) | 1 (2.5) | 4 (22.2)† |
| Impella + VA-ECMO | 7 (7.4) | 6 (15.0) | 3 (16.7) NS |
| Impella CP + VA-ECMO | 7 (100) | 6 (100) | 2 (66.6) |
| Impella 5.0 + VA-ECMO | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) |
| RA @ 24 hr | 10.7 (8, 13) | 13.3 (10.9, 17.5) | 13.3 (13.3, 19) * |
| PCWP @ 24 hr | 17.6 (16, 19) | 18.9 (17, 22.5) | 18.9 (18.9, 21) NS |
| RA/PCWP @ 24 hr | 0.6 (0.4, 0.7) | 0.8 (0.6, 1) | 0.9 (0.7, 0.9) NS |
| Lactate @ 24 hr | 2.6 (1.3, 2.6) | 2.8 (1.7, 4.4) | 4.4 (2.6, 12)† |
| CPO @ 24 hr | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.8) NS |
| Papi @ 24 hr | 2.2 (1.7, 2.8) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.3) | 2.2 (1.1, 2.25) NS |
| Outcomes | |||
| Mortality, 30 day | 4 (4.2) | 36 (90.0) | 17 (94.4)† |
| MACCE | 1 (1.1) | 31 (77.5) | 18 (100)† |
| Coronary access-site bleed | 5 (5.3) | 7(17.5) | 1 (5.6)† |
| Secondary vascular access-site bleed | 8 (8.4) | 5 (12.5) | 4 (22.2) NS |
| Non-vascular access-site bleed | 3 (3.2) | 3 (7.5) | 5 (27.8)† |
| Vascular complications | 2 (2.1) | 4 (10.0) | 9 (50.0)† |
Note: Values presented are median (Q1, Q3) or frequency (percent), where appropriate.
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; BMS, bare metal stent; CA, coronary access; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; DES, drug eluting stent; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; MACCE, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events; NS, not significant; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; RA, right atrium; RHC, right heart catheterization; VA-ECMO, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
†
p < .001.