Table 3.
Mean energy expenditure and intake and subjective ratings for each period of the expedition
| Measurement | Unit | D1–D5 | D6–D10 | D11–D15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy expenditure | MJ/day | 18.3 ± 1.9 | 18.3 ± 2.0 | 15.9 ± 1.6ααα, βββ |
| Energy intake | MJ/day | 15.3 ± 2.1* | 16.1 ± 2.1α | 17.6 ± 2.0ααα, βββ |
| Energy intake | % of TEC | 78.5 ± 11.0 | 82.9 ± 10.8α | 90.5 ± 10.0ααα, βββ |
| Energy balance | MJ/day | −3.0 ± 2.7 | −2.2 ± 2.8 | +1.7 ± 2.4ααα, βββ |
| Energy availability | kJ/kg BFFM | 74 ± 41 | 88 ± 42 | 146 ± 34ααα, βββ |
| Carbohydrate intake | g/day | 425 ± 66 | 452 ± 69α | 495 ± 64ααα, βββ |
| Fat intake | g/day | 148 ± 22 | 154 ± 20 | 169 ± 18ααα, βββ |
| Protein intake | g/day | 154 ± 19 | 166 ± 20αα | 177 ± 19ααα, ββ |
| Carbohydrate intake | % of EI | 46.4 ± 2.6 | 46.6 ± 2.6 | 46.9 ± 2.3 |
| Fat intake | % of EI | 36.6 ± 2.0 | 36.1 ± 2.2 | 36.3 ± 1.3 |
| Protein intake | % of EI | 17.0 ± 1.1 | 17.3 ± 0.8 | 16.9 ± 0.9 |
| Water intake | L/day | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.6α |
| EI (06:00–10:00) | % of EI | 20.6 ± 5.2 | 22.5 ± 6.3 | 21.5 ± 5.8 |
| EI (10:00–14:00) | % of EI | 16.9 ± 4.3 | 20.0 ± 4.6 | 23.3 ± 6.4ααα |
| EI (14:00–18:00) | % of EI | 24.2 ± 7.6 | 18.7 ± 4.0 | 20.1 ± 6.6 |
| EI (18:00–22:00) | % of EI | 38.4 ± 10.8 | 38.8 ± 8.1 | 35.2 ± 9.8 |
| Morning hunger score | mm (/100) | 50 ± 19 | 56 ± 17 | 62 ± 17ααα, β |
| Evening hunger score | mm (/100) | 62 ± 17 | 73 ± 17αα | 73 ± 17αα |
| Morning thirst score | mm (/100) | 56 ± 20 | 59 ± 20 | 64 ± 20αα |
| Evening thirst score | mm (/100) | 64 ± 14 | 66 ± 17 | 68 ± 15 |
| Morning fatigue score | mm (/100) | 28 ± 9 | 31 ± 10 | 28 ± 9 |
| Evening fatigue score | mm (/100) | 42 ± 10βββ | 53 ± 13 | 38 ± 17βββ |
| RPE | (/10) | 53 ± 6ββ | 62 ± 8 | 47 ± 12βββ |
Means ± standard deviation.
Abbreviations: EI, energy intake; RPE, rates of perceived exertion.
αDifferent from D1 to 5, βdifferent from D6 to 10, *EE different from EI. One sign: p < .05, two signs: p < .01, three signs: p < .001.