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. 2021 May 17;12:688508. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688508

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Copyright © 2021 Ishiuchi, Morinaga, Yoshino, Mitamura, Hirasawa, Maki, Tashita, Kondo, Ogawa, Lian, Ogawa-Ochiai, Minamizawa, Namiki, Mimura, Watanabe and Makino.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Elimination of glycyrrhizin (GL) metabolites into bile in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Female SD rats (10 week-old) were anesthetized using intraperitoneal injection of urethane (1 g/kg), and biliary tracts were cannulated. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA, 0.2 mg/kg) was injected into jugular veins and bile was collected every hour for 4 h. Concentrations of GA metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and accumulated elimination of GA-metabolites are means ± standard error (S.E: n = 3).