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. 2021 May 31;14:85. doi: 10.1186/s13045-021-01096-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Illustration of interaction between nanomaterials and tumor cells. a Antigen–antibody conjugation modified nanoparticle endocytosis and transcytosis; b Liposome reaches cancerous area from blood vessels through EPR effect. c The magnetic nanoparticle coated with chitosan carries 5-Fluorouracil. Under external magnetic field, the nanoparticle shows passive targeting ability at cancer cells. d Therapeutic AuNP is blocked by BBB under normal status. After FUS exposure, the BBB is opened temporarily by microbubble inertial or stable cavitation and allows AuNPs to get through. BBB: blood–brain barrier; EPR: enhanced permeability and retention; FUS: focused ultrasound