Table 3.
General characteristics of the analyzed variables in female Masters Athletes (n = 107)
| Endurance athletes (n = 48) | Speed-power athletes (n = 40) | Throws athletes (n = 19) | Significant difference | F (p) | η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | ||||||
| Age [years] | 57.7 ± 11.1 | 55.2 ± 12.2 | 56.8 ± 9.8 | – | 0.6 (0.562) | 0.01 |
| Body mass [kg] | 57.0 ± 7.3 | 60.6 ± 5.7 | 83.8 ± 12.2 | 1,2v3 | 82.5 (< 0.001) | 0.61 |
| Height [cm] | 162.6 ± 6.8 | 166.2 ± 7.7 | 169.9 ± 5.4 | 1v3 | 8.1 (< 0.001) | 0.13 |
| Forearm length [cm] | 24.4 ± 1.1 | 24.9 ± 1.3 | 25.1 ± 1.2 | – | 3.2 (0.046) | 0.06 |
| Wrist width [cm] | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 1v2v3 | 20.8 (< 0.001) | 0.28 |
| BMD dis R + U [g/cm2] | 0.293 ± 0.054 | 0.322 ± 0.075 | 0.350 ± 0.053 | 1v3 | 6.1 (0.003) | 0.10 |
| BMD prox R + U [g/cm2] | 0.649 ± 0.101 | 0.713 ± 0.118 | 0.783 ± 0.094 | 1v2,3 | 11.5 (< 0.001) | 0.18 |
| BMD prox R [g/cm2] | 0.677 ± 0.117 | 0.736 ± 0.118 | 0.802 ± 0.101 | 1v3 | 8.6 (< 0.001) | 0.14 |
| BMC dis R + U [g] | 1.222 ± 0.265 | 1.323 ± 0.316 | 1.544 ± 0.245 | 1,2v3 | 8.9 (< 0.001) | 0.15 |
| BMC prox R + U [g] | 1.718 ± 0.259 | 1.867 ± 0.298 | 2.192 ± 0.381 | 1,2v3 | 17.2 (< 0.001) | 0.25 |
| BMC prox R [g] | 0.908 ± 0.140 | 0.995 ± 0.159 | 1.166 ± 0.202 | 1v2v3 | 17.8 (< 0.001) | 0.25 |
| T-score dis R + U | −0.902 ± 0.834 | −0.547 ± 1.179 | −0.031 ± 0.835 | 1v3 | 5.6 (0.005) | 0.10 |
| T-score prox R + U | −2.660 ± 1.605 | −1.691 ± 1.859 | −0.555 ± 1.494 | 1v2,3 | 11.2 (< 0.001) | 0.18 |
| T-score prox R | − 2.204 ± 1.840 | −1.308 ± 1.863 | − 0.223 ± 1.608 | 1v3 | 8.6 (< 0.001) | 0.14 |
| % age matched dis R + U | 95.1 ± 15.3 | 100.6 ± 21.9 | 111.4 ± 17.8 | 1v3 | 5.3 (0.006) | 0.09 |
| % age matched prox R + U | 87.7 ± 10.3 | 93.6 ± 13.7 | 103.8 ± 12.0 | 1,2v3 | 12.4 (< 0.001) | 0.19 |
| % age matched prox R | 92.5 ± 11.6 | 98.0 ± 14.2 | 107.7 ± 12.1 | 1,2v3 | 9.8 (< 0.001) | 0.16 |
| %BF | 24.8 ± 5.2 | 25.0 ± 4.1 | 30.9 ± 6.2 | 1,2v3 | 11.3 (< 0.001) | 0.18 |
| BFM [kg] | 14.4 ± 4.7 | 15.4 ± 3.2 | 25.7 ± 7.5 | 1,2v3 | 40.1 (< 0.001) | 0.43 |
| LBM [kg] | 42.4 ± 4.4 | 45.8 ± 4.6 | 56.4 ± 7.5 | 1v2v3 | 50.3 (< 0.001) | 0.49 |
| TBW [kg] | 30.5 ± 3.2 | 33.0 ± 3.3 | 56.4 ± 7.5 | 1v2v3 | 50.5 (< 0.001) | 0.49 |
| SLM [kg] | 39.1 ± 4.0 | 41.9 ± 4.8 | 51.7 ± 6.9 | 1v2v3 | 44.9 (< 0.001) | 0.46 |
| ICW | 18.5 ± 2.0 | 20.0 ± 1.9 | 24.4 ± 3.2 | 1v2v3 | 50.0 (< 0.001) | 0.49 |
| ECW | 12.0 ± 1.3 | 13.1 ± 1.5 | 16.1 ± 2.2 | 1v2v3 | 47.1 (< 0.001) | 0.47 |
Notes: significant differences between groups (1 – endurance athletes; 2 – speed-power athletes, 3 – throwing athletes)
BMD Bone mineral density, BMC Bone mass, dis- distal part of forearm, prox proximal part of forearm, BF Body fat, BFM Body fat mass, LBM Lean body mass, TBW Total body water, SLM Soft lean mass, ICW Intercellular water, ECW Extracellular water