TABLE 2.

The summary of stress types.

Organisms	Stresses			Stimuli		Refs
	Types	Subtype Basis	Subtype examples	Type	Examples
Fungi	Environmental stress					[47]
	Stimuli		Oxidative stress	Chemical	H2O2 Menadione Sodium bisulphite
			Osmotic stress		NaCl Sorbitol
			CWI stress		Congo Red
			Heavy metal stress		CdCl2
			et al.		et al.
Plants	Abiotic stress
	Stimuli		Drought stress Heat stress Salt stress et al.	Physical	Drought Temperature Salt et al.	[74–76] [67, 77] [75]
			Oxidative stress et al.	Chemical	ROS Toxic chemicals	[48, 68, 78] [79]
					et al.
Animals	Physiological stress
	Stimuli		Cold stress Heat stress Radiation stress Noise stress Vibration stress et al.	Physical	Cold Heat Radiation Noise Vibration et al.	[80, 81] [82, 83] [84] [85, 86] [87]
			Chemical stress et al.	Chemical	Chemicals	[88]
			Chemical stress	Biological	Metabolites	[89]
			et al.		et al
	Functions		Metabolic stress			[44]
			Replication stress			[45]
			Neurodegenerative stress			[46]
			et al.
	Locations		Cardiac stress			[37]
			Dopamine neuron-specific stress			[38]
			Cytoskeletal stress			[39]
			Mitochondrial stress			[40, 41]
			Endoplasmic reticulum stress			[8, 42]
			Telomere stress			[43]
			et al.
	Functions		Emotional Stress	Emotional	Anxiety Fear Grief Anger et al.	[90] [91, 92] [92] [92]
			Cognitive stress	Cognitive	Pandemic Information overload Disruptions Interruptions Aging et al.	[27] [93] [93] [93] [19]
			Perceptual stress	Perceptual	Aging Addiction Competition et al.	[94, 95] [96] [97]
			Psychosocial stress	Psychosocial	Social defeat Social confrontations Racial disparity Trauma from life events et al.	[21, 22] [22] [98] [25]