Table 2.

Cross-Sectional Associations between Digital Technology Use and the Parent-Adolescent Relationship

	T1 Online to Offline Problems with Parents			T1 Family Chaos			T1 Parent Knowledge
	b (SE)	OR	p	b (SE)	β	p	b (SE)	β	p
Phone Ownership	.008 (.179)	1.008	.963	−.020	−.014	.525	.035 (.016)	.051	.032
Age	.265 (.065)*	1.304	<.001	.048 (.013)*	.084	<.001	−.016 (.006)	−.057	.012
Female Gender	.232 (.153)	1.262	.130	.065 (.028)	.050	.019	.008 (.014)	.012	.570
Persistent Disadvantage	.123 (.178)	1.131	.489	.220 (.032)*	.165	<.001	−.026 (.017)	−.039	.117
Black Race/Ethnicity	.211 (.191)	1.235	.269	−.047 (.036)	−.030	.195	.002 (.019)	.03	.911
Hispanic Race/Ethnicity	−.534 (.274)	.586	.052	−.004 (.043)	−.002	.928	−.021 (.022)	−.023	.334
Other Race/Ethnicity	−.245 (.275)	.782	.372	−.011 (.048)	−.005	.824	−.032 (.023)	−.032	.159
Social Networking Site Use	.140 (.036)*	1.151	<.001	.022 (.006)*	.083	<.001	−.006 (.003)	−.044	.049
Age	.189 (.067)*	1.208	.005	.032 (.013)	.057	.013	−.008 (.006)	−.030	.186
Female Gender	.146 (.157)	1.157	.353	.049 (.028)	.038	.076	.014 (.014)	.021	.322
Persistent Disadvantage	.102 (.178)	1.107	.568	.217 (.032)*	.163	<.001	−.027 (.017)	−.040	.106
Black Race/Ethnicity	.214 (.192)	1.238	.266	−.048 (.036)	−.031	.175	.005 (.019)	.006	.795
Hispanic Race/Ethnicity	−.493 (.278)	.611	.076	.004 (.043)	.002	.935	−.024 (.022)	−.027	.269
Other Race/Ethnicity	−.214 (.277)	.807	.439	−.004 (.048)	−.002	.926	−.035 (.023)	−.034	.131

Note. Associations from the Baseline Adolescent Survey (N=2104) between each domain of T1 (Baseline) digital technology use and each facet of the parent-adolescent relationship are tested in separate single level regression models along covariates of age, gender, economic disadvantage, and dummy coded race/ethnicity. Significant relations bolded.

^*indicates coefficients which met FDR-corrected significance level.