Table 1.
Particulate Size Distribution in Mixed Solutions (Normal Saline or Local Anesthetics and Non-Particulate Steroids)
| Non-Particulate Steroids | Normal Saline or Local Anesthetics | Dilution | No. of Particulates (%) | Particulate Distribution | >100 μm | >500 μm | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–10 μm | 11–20 μm | 21–50 μm | 51–100 μm | |||||||
| Betamethasone sodium phosphate 5.2 mg/mL | 0.9% Normal saline | 1:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 1:3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 0.75% ropivacaine HCl | 1:1 | 183 | 15(8.2) | 29(15.3) | 47(25.4) | 66(36.6) | 14(7.8) | 12(6.7) | 0.84 | |
| 1:2 | 176 | 11(6.3) | 26(14.8) | 50(28.4) | 64(36.4) | 12(6.8) | 13(7.3) | |||
| 1:3 | 169 | 12(7.1) | 25(14.9) | 49(29.9) | 52(30.8) | 19(11.2) | 10(6.1) | |||
| 0.75% levobupivacaine HCl | 1:1 | 104 | 8(7.7) | 13(12.5) | 38(36.5) | 27(26) | 18(17.3) | 0(0) | 0.99 | |
| 1:2 | 100 | 7(7) | 14(14) | 36(36) | 28(28) | 15(15) | 0(0) | |||
| 1:3 | 94 | 5(5.3) | 15(16) | 35(37.2) | 22(23.4) | 17(18.1) | 0(0) | |||
| 0.5% bupivacaine HCL | 1:1 | 93 | 83(89.2) | 10(10.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | |
| 1:2 | 81 | 78(96.3) | 3(3.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 75 | 73(97.3) | 2(2.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1% lidocaine HCl | 1:1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | |
| 1:2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Dexamethasone disodium phosphate 4 mg/mL | 0.9% Normal saline | 1:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1:2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 0.75% ropivacaine HCl | 1:1 | 756 | 452(59.8) | 296(39.2) | 8(1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.36 | |
| 1:2 | 708 | 421(59.5) | 281(39.7) | 6(0.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 641 | 387(60.4) | 253(39.5) | 1(0.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 0.75% levobupivacaine HCl | 1:1 | 565 | 398(70.4) | 142(25.1) | 25(4.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.56 | |
| 1:2 | 501 | 362(72.3) | 121(24.2) | 18(3.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 472 | 345(73.1) | 115(24.4) | 12(2.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 0.5% bupivacaine HCL | 1:1 | 51 | 48(94.1) | 3(5.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.65 | |
| 1:2 | 43 | 42(97.7) | 1(2.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 31 | 30(96.8) | 1(3.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1% lidocaine HCl | 1:1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | |
| 1:2 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Dexamethasone palmitate 5 mg/mL | 0.9% Normal saline | 1:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1:2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 0.75% ropivacaine HCl | 1:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 1:2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 0.75% levobupivacaine HCl | 1:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 1:2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 0.5% bupivacaine HCL | 1:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 1:2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1% lidocaine HCl | 1:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 1:2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1:3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||