Fig. 3.

(a) 3-point bending at 55% of femur length from the femoral head, (b) hysteresis (W) computed using a non-destructive load-displacement up to 0.01 mm, (c) non-destructive oscillatory bending displacement using a mean level of 0.01 mm and amplitude of 0.005 mm at the range of 0.5 to 3 Hz of DMA, and (d) static fracture tests for typical femurs of sham and OVX groups. Red dashed lines: nanoindentation locations