Fig. 4.
(a) Nanoindentation sites in a femur. Although this figure shows a bigger size with 1000 nm depth of indentation to clearly illustrate the locations, the real size of indentation is smaller (5 to 6 μm width) with 500 nm depth for 3×3 array sites for periosteal, core, and endosteal regions of the cortical bone. (b) Elastic modulus (Eb), plastic hardness (H), static viscoelastic normalized creep (Creep/Pmax) and viscosity (η), and dynamic viscoelastic tangent delta (tan δ) are provided using a cycle of nanoindentation at the same site of bone matrix.