Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics in the Each Group of Subjects
| Variables | Healthy Control Group | COPD Group | T2DM Group | COPD+T2DM Group | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (No.) | 30 | 36 | 35 | 32 | |
| Age (year) | 65.82±9.37 | 70.24±8.14 | 68.17±8.47 | 66.30±10.72 | 0.189 |
| Gender (Male/female) | 21/9 | 28/8 | 24/11 | 25/7 | 0.725 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.34±3.82 | 23.83±4.95 | 26.43±4.21 | 24.86±3.57 | 0.062 |
| Smoking rate, n (%) | 6 (20%) | 15 (41.67%) | 8 (22.86%) | 13 (40.63%) | 0.368 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.39±1.12 | 4.43±0.99 | 8.96±3.57**## | 7.87±3.02**## | <0.001 |
| 2h postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L) | 6.24±2.17 | 6.83±2.46 | 14.52±4.98**## | 13.61±4.55**## | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.64±1.72 | 6.08±1.65 | 8.34±2.02**## | 8.70±2.36**## | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC% | 89.25±9.43 | 51.57±10.61** | 85.64±11.32## | 43.24±8.06**##ΔΔ | <0.001 |
| FEV1% predicted | 83.12±8.46 | 50.87±8.24** | 79.05±9.15## | 42.37±9.30**##ΔΔ | <0.001 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD. **P<0.01 compared with the healthy control group; ##P<0.01 compared with the COPD group; ΔΔP<0.01 compared with the T2DM group.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.