Table 2.
Diagnosis, outcome, and treatment of 12 COVID-19 patients with PJP coinfection
| Author | Highest ventilator support | Outcome | Symptoms onset to admission (D) | Admission to diagnosis (D) | LRT Specimen Source | Serum LDH (IU/L) | Serum BDG (pg/mL) | Respiratory microorganisms coinfection | Anti-PJP therapy | COVID-19 therapy | Antimicrobial therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cai et al.[13] | IMV | Survived | 1 | 19 | BAL PCR | NR | NR | Aspergillus fumigatus | Unspecified | Lopinavir-ritonavir, methylprednisolone, tocilizumab | Cefoperazone-sulbactam, caspofungin |
| De Francesco et al.[73] | IMV | Dead | 2 | 2 | Sputum PCR | 380 | NR | Aspergillus fumigatus, Chlamydia pneumoniae | SMX-TMP, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone | Dexamethasone, tocilizumab, darunavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine | Azithromycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, voriconazole |
| Menon et al.[74] | IMV | Survived | 14 | 3 | ETA PCR | 348 | 305 | NR | SMX-TMP | NR | Azithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate |
| Mouren et al.[49] | NR | Survived | 21 | NR | BAL MS/PCR | NR | NR | NR | SMX-TMP | NR | NR |
| Quintana-Ortega et al.[75] | IMV | Dead | 28 | NR | BAL MS | NR | NR | Enterococcus faecium bacteremia | SMX-TMP, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone | Hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, tocilizumab, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, | NR |
| Bhat et al.[76] | IMV | Survived | NR | 4 | BAL PCR | NR | NR | NR | SMX-TMP, prednisone | Remdesivir, prednisone | NR |
| Blanco et al.[12] | NIMV | Survived | 7 | NR | Unspecified | 1149 | NR | NR | SMX-TMP, corticosteroids | Hydroxychloroquine, interferon beta, corticosteroids | Azithromycin, ceftaroline-fosamil |
| Broadhurst et al.[77] | IMV | Dead | 21 | 2 | Sputum IFM | NR | 500 | Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia | SMX-TMP, dexamethasone | Dexamethasone | Meropenem, fluconazole |
| Coleman et al.[78] | HFNC | Survived | 7 | NR | Sputum PCR | NR | NR | Unspecified | SMX-TMP, prednisolone | Prednisolone | NR |
| Kelly et al.[79] | IMV | Dead | 28 | 4 | BAL IFM | NR | NR | NR | SMX-TMP, prednisolone | Prednisolone | Unspecified |
| Mang et al.[80] | IMV | Survived | NR | 21 | BAL MS | 515 | NR | Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter dijkshoorniae, Enterococcus faecium bacteremia | SMX-TMP, prednisone | Darunavir-ritonavir, prednisone | Linezolid, meropenem |
| Rubiano et al.[81] | IMV | Dead | 21 | 7 | BAL IFM/PCR | 789 | 500 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | SMX-TMP, prednisone | Convalescent plasma, remdesivir, prednisone | Cefepime, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin |
BDG beta-D-glucan, D day, ETA endotracheal aspirate, HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, IFM immunofluorescence microscopy, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, LRT lower respiratory tract, MS microscopic staining, NIMV non-invasive mechanical ventilation, NR not reported, PCR polymerase chain reaction, PJP pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, SMX-TMP sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim