Figure 5.

Co-transfection of BMP2 and FGF2 via chitosan nanoparticles increased cell viability and osteogenic ability of human adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) in vitro. The cell viability and cytotoxic effects on ADSCs were measured by (a) Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and (b) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, respectively (n = 6 from 3 independent experiments). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001. Relative mRNA expression levels of (c) osteocalcin (OCN) and (d) bone sialoprotein (BSP) (d) showed that co-transfection had a synergistic effect on osteogenesis, evidenced by higher expression of the osteogenesis markers BSP and OCN compared with single-gene transfection. Values given as mean ± standard error (n = 6 from 3 independent experiments). ***P < 0.001 vs control group, ^###P < 0.001 vs FGF2-transfected group, ^$$$P < 0.001 vs BMP2-transfected group.

OD, optical density; trans, transfected; cont, control.